asyatv.net asyatv.net pdf kitap indir toplist ekle guncel blog
Class:angiosperms
Order:Poales
Family:Sparganiaceae
Name acc. to:APGII
Herbar:list records    scans available    photo available    
Description:Erect rhizomatous water or swamp plant. Leaves distichous, linear. Inflorescences compact globose capitate, on stem and branch tops; upper flowers staminate, lower pistillate. Flowers unisexual with perianth of 3-6 scales, stamen usually 3, rarely few or more. Fruit a spindleshaped nutlet with spongy pericarp (Heywood 2007: drupe).
Confuse with:easy to recognize; not to be confused
Link to Flora of China:http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10926
open map in a new windowtaxon distribution for   acc. to Geobotanical Regions of Mongolia by Grubov (1955)
genus: 1
species: 4
Habit (i)general appearance of a plant
Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber.herb (i)Herbaceous, erect plant, up to 2m high, mostly with a leafy shoot; if perennial, shoots die to the ground each season, shoots are not woody
example: Artemisia pectinata

perennial (i)Living for several to many years, as opposed to annual and biennial
Special growth forms or habits:creeper (i)Low, mat-forming herbaceous plant, growing along the surface of the ground or just beneath the surface with rhizomes like a mat
example: Potentilla anserina, Lycopodium annotinum

Size of plant: (i)Attention: use flowering or fruiting specimens to assess plant height (many biennial plants possess only a basal rosette in the first year). from 100 mm to 250 mm
from 250 mm to 600 mm
from 600 mm to 1000 mm
from 1000 mm to 3000 mm
Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite?no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus

Water or terrestrial plant: (i)Where do the plants grow?water or swamp plant
Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades)
Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves.with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves
Leaf arrangement: (i)Arrangement of leaves at the stem.alternate (i)One leaf per node; distiche: arranged in two vertical rows, equitant
example: Phragmites

Simple or divided leaves: (i)Are the leaves simple or completely divided in several parts? Blade of the leaf entire or (more or less) deeply dissected. Attention: There are various appearances of the leaf margin (from entire to toothed and lobed). Here, we ignore this and ask only for dissections that separate the leaf for more than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. Sometimes, it is difficult to tell apart compound leaves from a shoot system with simple leaves: look for stipulae and/or axillary buds at the ground of the leaves: if only some possess these structures, the others are most likely leaflets of a compound leaf.simple (i)Non-divided leaf, but margin may be incised nearly to the ground inherited by order Poales: simple
Shape of blade: (i)Easy for simple leaves. In compound leaves use the general shape of leaflet. Always check the ground for largest leaves of a plant. To be worked out: how to handle pinnate leaves?linear incl.grasslike or oblong (i)Leaves more than two times longer than broad with more or less parallel margins; see character: stipule for ligula
example: Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Poaceae, Scutellaria scordifolia, Pinus

Length of leaves: (i)How long is the leaf, be carefull in compound leaves, measure the complete leaf. more than 50 mm
Leaf margin: (i)Structure of leaf margin (or that of a leaflet in case of compound leaves). Attention: Here we ask for the leaf margin, defined as all those dissections that separate the leaf for less than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. To be worked out: how to handle margin of pinnate leaves?entire (i)Plain margin, not toothed
example: Iris
inherited by order Poales: entire
Petiole: (i)Leaf divided into stalk (petiole) and blade.without (i)Leaves without petiole (stalk), sessile
example: Poaceae, Iris

Leaf colour upper side: (i)Shades of green on the leaf, upper side.green (i)Clear green
example: Tribulus terrestris

Leaf colour lower side: (i)Shades of green on the leaf, lower side.green (i)Clear green, in most species
example: Angelica decurrens

Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf.parallel (i)Most veins arranged parallel to the length of leaf, mostly no pronounced main vein (usually in elongate to linear leaves)
example: Most Monocotyledonae, Plantago, Veratrum, a lot of Caryophyllaceae looks like that.
inherited by order Poales: parallel
Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower.not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants (i)Small, colourless or green flowers
example: Betula, grasslike plants: Carex, Setaria, Juncus

Flower colour: (i)Attention: assess colour of the most colourful parts of the flower, but not of the stamens; be aware of single plants with a mutation (mostly white) on flower colour.colourless (i)Dry membranous
Perianth arrangement: (i)Attention: in some plants, flowers may be dimorphic in different ways (dioecious or gynodioecious). If flowers vary, record the characters of the most showy flowers.simple, similar (i)Only one type of perianth leaves (tepals)
example: Tulipa

Length of flower: (i)For zygomorphic flowers only, instead of diameter of flower. to 10 mm
Petal / Tepal fusion: (i)To which degree are the petal leaves connected? Petals sympetalous.free (i)all petal leaves separate from each other
example: Anthriscus

Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar.no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum

Stamen number: (i)Attention: We ask for the reproductive organs of the flower dispersing pollen. Count only fully fertile stamens, not staminodia (e.g. Parnassia).3 (i)
example: Poa, Iris

Pistil number: (i)Number of pistils (female floral organs: style, if developed; stigma and carpels/ovary together build the pistil).1 (i)One carpel, but clearly one stigma
example: Pyrola, Primula, Alyssum

Style number: (i)Portion of the pistil connecting the stigma to the ovary.1
Stigma number per style: (i)Number of stigmas per style.1 (i)One stigma, sessile or with a developed style
Ovary position: (i)For entirely or partly fused carpels, describe their position in relation to the insertion point of perianth leaves (best done by doing a longitudinal section of a flower).superior (hypogynous) (i)Base of carpels attached above insertion point of perianth leaves, carpels free or fused
example: Delphinium, Anemone

Sex: (i)Distribution of male and female organs among flowers, only most commonly cases.unisexual (i)
example: Rhodiola

monoecious (i)Male and female flowers at the same plant
example: Xanthium, Larix, Atriplex

Inflorescence (i)flowering part of a plant, describes the arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis
Inflorescence: (i)Structure of the inflorescence.Flowers in inflorescence (i)No solitary flowers
Appearance: (i)Outer look of the inflorescence.terminal (i)Inflorescence is the highest point of the plant and may consist of a single flower only
example: Cypripedium, Rhaponticum, Ligularia sibirica, Echinops

axillary (i)Usually several inflorescences in axillary shoots or single flowers in leaf axils, main shoot remains mostly leafy
example: Tragopogon, Aconogonon

Inflorescence type: (i)Types of inflorescence. Attention: We here ask for the botanical nomenclature of inflorescences, which is sufficiently complicated. Tick only, if you are certain, or tick all inflorescence types that appear similar of these of the plant in question.others (in traits_comments nicht aufgeführt) (i)Not as above
example: Sparganium: globose capitate

Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination.
Consistency: (i)Fleshy fruits or dry fruits, see dispersal adaptations for further classification.dry (i)With a dry outer shell, no fleshy parts, but seed (embryo) could be edible
Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp).Indehiscent fruits
Solitary fruits (i)
nut or nutlet (i)Dry fruit with a single, hard stone inside (and usually a large often edible embryo)
Opening of fruit: (i)Mode of dehiscence at maturity to release seeds.not opening / indehiscent (i)Fruits remain closed at maturity and disperse with seeds inside
example: Corylus (nut), Vaccinium (berry)

Dispersal: (i)Appearance of fruit or seed (if single) and adaptations to dispersal.Otherwise (i)All parts dry, no conspicuous adaptations
Hairs
Has hairs?:no hairs, glabrous
Shoot/Stem (i)a young stem or branch
Cross section: (i)Shape of the cross section of a stem or shoot (look at first to second year shoots).round (i)Stem or shoot round
example: Allium

Spines, thorns or prickles: (i)Shoot with conspicuous spines, thorns or prickles.absent (i)Stem glabrous or hairy, but never with spines, thornes or prickles
example: Gentiana barbata

Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves
Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots.homorhizous (i)Many equal roots
example: Monocotyledonae
inherited by order Poales: homorhizous
Runners: (i)Plant must be excavated; shoots, subterranean shoots connected by runners.long root suckers or rhizomes (i)Plants grow new shoots from roots or subterranean shoots, called rhizomes, these spacing stems apart
example: Hippophae, Artemisia sericea