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Administrative Division of Mongolia

(Data Sources: Tserennyam 2007a, b)

All geographical names are transcribed from the Mongolian original spelling acc. to Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1997) and UNGEGN: United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (2003).

	National Capital		Mongolian Düüreg (District)
*	Autonomous Municipality of Ulaanbaatar		Bayangol
			Chingeltey
			Khan-Uul
			Songinokhayrkhan
			Sükhbaatar
			Bayanzürkh
			Baganuur
			Nalaykh
			Bagkhangay
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
1	Arkhangay	Tsetserleg	Bulgan	Bulgiyn Denzh
			Battsengel	Zhargalant
			Chuluut	Zhargalant
			Erdenemandal	Ölziyt
			Ikhtamir	Zaankhoshuu
			Khangay	Khunt
			Khashaat	Bayan
			Khayrkhan	Uubulan
			Khotont	Khotont
			Ögiynuur	Zegstey
			Ölziyt	Khöshööt
			Öndör-Ulaan	Teel
			Tariat	Khorgo
			Tövshrüülekh	Tavanbulag
			Tsakhir	Tsakhir
			Tsenkher	Altan-Ovoo
			Tsetserleg	Khuzhirt
			Zhargalant	Bayantsagaan
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
2	Bayankhongor	Bayankhongor	Bayan-Ovoo	Khökhbürd
			Baatsagaan	Bayansayr
			Bayanbulag	Bayanbulag
			Bayangov	Örgön
			Bayanlig	Khatansuudal
			Bayan-Öndör	Bulgan
			Bayantsagaan	Bayanbulag
			Bogd	Khoriult
			Bömbögör	Zadgay
			Buutsagaan	Buyant
			Erdenetsogt	Erdenetsogt
			Galuut	Bayankhoshuu
			Gurvanbulag	Khöviyn-Am
			Khüreemaral	Delgermörön
			Ölziyt	Ulaan-Uul
			Shinezhinst	Zalaa
			Zag	Zag
			Zhargalant	Zhargalant
			Zhinst	Bod
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
3	Bayan-Ölgiy	Ölgiy	Bugat	Buga
			Altantsögts	Tsagaantüngi
			Altay	Chigertey
			Bayannuur	Tsul-Ulaan
			Bulgan	Zhargalant
			Buyant	Buyant
			Delüün	Rashaant
			Nogoonnuur	Nogoonnuur
			Sagsay	Uuzhim
			Tolbo	Tolbo
			Tsengel	Khöshööt
			Ulaankhus	Bilüü
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
4	Bulgan	Bulgan	Bugat	Bugat
			Bayan-Agt	Sharga
			Bayannuur	Ölziyt
			Büregkhangay	Darkhan
			Dashinchilen	Süüzh
			Gurvanbulag	Gurvanbulag
			Khangal	Sört
			Khishig-Öndör	Maant
			Khutag-Öndör	Khutag
			Mogod	Erkhet
			Orkhon	Mandal
			Rashaant	Avzaga
			Saykhan	Khüremt
			Selenge	Ingettolgoy
			Teshig	Teshig
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
5	Dornod	Choybalsan	Bayantümen	Tsagaanders
			Bayandun	Naranbulag
			Bayan-Uul	Zhavartkhoshuu
			Bulgan	Öndökhoshuu
			Choybalsan	Khulstay
			Chuluunkhoroot	Ereentsav
			Gurvanzagal	Sümiyn Bulag
			Khalkhgol	Sümber
			Khölönbuyr	Bayan
			Matad	Züünbulag
			Dashbalbar	Dashbalbar
			Sergelen	Sergelen
			Tsagaan-Ovoo	Khöövör
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
6	Dornogov	Saynshand	Saynshand	Saynshand ?
			Altanshiree	Chandman
			Ayrag	Tsagaandörvölzh
			Dalazhargalan	Tsomog
			Delgerekh	Khongor
			Erdene	Ulaan-Uul
			Ikhkhet	Bayan
			Khatanbulag	Ergel
			Khövsgöl	Khövsgöl
			Mandakh	Tökhöm
			Örgen	Senzh
			Saykhandulaan	Ölziyt
			Ulaanbadrakh	Nüden
			Zamyn-Üüd	Borkhoyn Tal
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
7	Dundgov	Mandalgov	Sayntsagaan	Mandalgov ?
			Adaatsag	Tavin
			Bayanzhargalan	Argatay
			Delgerkhangay	Khashaat
			Delgertsogt	Amardalay
			Deren	Tsant
			Erdenedalay	Sangiyn Dalay
			Gov-Ugtaal	Khazhuu-Us
			Gurvansaykhan	Suugaant
			Khuld	Ulaanzhirem
			Luus	Tsagaan-Ovoo
			Ölziyt	Rashaant
			Öndörshil	Bökhöt
			Saykhan-Ovoo	Ongi
			Tsagaandelger	Kharaat
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
8	Gov-Altay	Altay	Esönbulag	Altay ?
			Altay	Bayan-Ovoo
			Bayan-Uul	Bayan
			Biger	Zhargalant
			Bugat	Bayangol
			Chandman	Talshand
			Darvi	Darvi
			Delger	Taygan
			Erdene	Sangiyn Dalay
			Khaliun	Khaliun
			Khökhmort	Sayn-Ust
			Sharga	Sharga
			Tayshir	Tsagaan-Olom
			Tögrög	Tögrög
			Tonkhil	Züyl
			Tseel	Tseel
			Tsogt	Takhilt
			Zhargalan	Buyanbat
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
9	Govsümber	Choyr	Sümber	Choyr ?
			Bayantal	Bayantal
			Bayan	Shiveegov
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
10	Khentiy	Öndörkhaan	Kherlen	Kherlen
			Batnorov	Dundbürd
			Batshireet	Eg
			Bayan-Adarga	Bayan
			Bayankhutag	Bayan
			Bayanmönkh	Ulaan-Ereg
			Bayan-Ovoo	Zhavkhlant
			Binder	Onon
			Dadal	Bayan-Ovoo
			Darkhan	Darkhan
			Delgerkhaan	Avarga
			Galshar	Buyant
			Mörön	Mörön
			Norovlin	Ulz
			Ömnödelger	Bayanbulag
			Tsenkhermandal	Modot
			Zhargaltkhaan	Zhargaltkhaan
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
11	Orkhon	Erdenet	Bayan-Öndör	Erdenet ?
			Zhargalant	Zhargalant
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
12	Khovd	Khovd	Buyant	Byant
			Altay	Bor-Üzuür
			Bulgan	Bürenkhayrkhan
			Chandman	Urdgol
			Darvi	Bulgan
			Dörgön	Seer
			Duut	Duut
			Erdenebüren	Khar-Us
			Khovd	Dund-Us
			Mankhan	Tögrög
			Mönkhkhayrkhan	Tsenkher
			Möst	Ulaantolgoy
			Myangad	Bayankhoshuu
			Tsetseg	Tsetsegnuur
			Üench	Üench
			Zereg	Altanteel
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
13	Khövsgöl	Mörön	Tünel	Bulag
			Alag-Erdene	Mankhan
			Arbulag	Mandal
			Bayanzürkh	Altraga
			Bürentogtokh	Bayan
			Chandman – Öndör	Khökhöö
			Erdenebulgan	Eg-Üür
			Galt	Ider
			Ikh-Uul	Selenge
			Khankh	Turt
			Rashaant	Rashaant
			Renchinlkhümbe	Zöölön
			Shine-Ider	Erdenet
			Tarialan	Badrakh
			Tömörbulag	Zhargalant
			Tosontsengel	Tsengel
			Tsagaannuur	Gurvansaykhan
			Tsagaan-Uul	Sharga
			Tsagaan-Üür	Bulgan
			Tsetserleg	Khalban
			Ulaan-Uul	Tögöl
			Zhargalant	Orgil
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
14	Ömnögov	Dalanzadgad	Khankhongor	Ögöömör
			Bayandalay	Dalay
			Bayan-Ovoo	Erdenetsogt
			Bulgan	Bulgan
			Gurvantes	Urt
			Khanbogd	Ikhbulag
			Khürmen	Tsookhor
			Mandal-Ovoo	Sharkhulsan
			Manlay	Üyzen
			Nomgon	Sangiyn Dalay
			Noyon	Khövüün
			Servey	Saynshand
			Tsogt-Ovoo	Doloon
			Tsogttsetsiy	Baruunsuu
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
15	Övörkhangay	Arvaykheer	Taragt	Khüremt
			Bajangol	Shiree
			Baruunbayan- Ulaan	Khöövör
			Bat-Ölziy	Övt
			Bayan-Öndör	Bumbat
			Bogd	Khovd
			Bürd	Ongon
			Esönzüyl	Mönkhbulag
			Guch In-Us	Arguut
			Kharkhorin	Kharkhorin
			Khayrkhandulaan	Marzad
			Khuzhirt	Khuzhirt
			Nariynteel	Tsagaan-Ovoo
			Ölziyt	Sangiyn Dalay
			Sant	Maykhan
			Tögrög	Khoolt
			Uyanga	Ongi
			Züünbayan – Ulaan	Bayan-Ulaan
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
16	Selenge	Sükhbaatar	Altanbulag	Altanbulag
			Bayangol	Baruunkharaa
			Baruunbüren	Burgaltay
			Eröö	Tavin
			Khüder	Bulagtay
			Khushaat	Khushaat
			Mandal	Züünkharaa
			Orkhon	Nart
			Orkhontuul	Orkhontuul
			Saykhan	Khötöl
			Sant	Enkhtal
			Shaamar	Delgerkhaan
			Tsagaannuur	Khuurch
			Tüshig	Zelter
			Zhavkhlant	Zhargalant
			Züünbüren	Zhargalant
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
17	Darkhan-Uul	Darkhan	Darkhan	Darkhan ?
			Orkhon	Orkhon
			Sharyngol	Sharyngol
			Khongor	Khongor
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
18	Sükhbaatar	Baruun-Urt	Sükhbaatar	Khaylaastay
			Asgat	Ulaandel
			Bayandelger	Shireet
			Daryganga	Ovoot
			Erdenetsagaan	Chonogol
			Khalzan	Khatavch
			Mönkhkhaan	Bayasgalant
			Naran	Khongor
			Ongon	Khavirga
			Tümentsogt	Khankhökhiy
			Tüvshinshiree	Sergelen
			Uulbayan	Züünbulag
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
19	Töv	Zuunmod	Sergelen	Khöshigiyn-Ar
			Altanbulag	Altanbulag
			Argalant	Argalant
			Arkhust	Arkhust
			Batsümber	Mandal
			Bayan	Maant
			Bayanchandman	Ikhsüüzh
			Bayandelger	Bayandelger
			Bayankhangay	Ulaankhad
			Bayan-Önshüül	Ikhkhayrkhan
			Bayantsagaan	Zogsool
			Bayantsogt	Dund-Urt
			Bayanzhargalan	Bayasgalant
			Bornuur	Bornuur
			Büren	Bayantökhöm
			Delgerkhaan	Khuzhirt
			Erdene	Nart
			Erdenesant	Ulaankhudag
			Lün	Lün
			Möngönmort	Bulag
			Öndörshireet	Bayshint
			Sümber	Zhavkhlant
			Tseel	Orgil
			Ugtaaltsaydam	Ar-Asgat
			Zaamar	Bat-Ölziyt
			Zhargalant	Zhargalant
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
20	Uvs	Ulaangom	Ulaangom	Ulaangom ?
			Baruunturuun	Baruunturuun
			Bökhmörön	Bayshint
			Davst	Züünkhövöö
			Khovd	Khökhtolgoy
			Khyargas	Bugat
			Malchin	Tsalgar
			Naranbulag	Naranbulag
			Ölgiy	Khar-Us
			Ömnögov	Namir
			Öndörkhangay	Tsetserleg
			Sagil	Kharmod
			Tarialan	Kharkhiraa
			Tes	Tooromt
			Tsagaankhayrkhan	Möndöökhöö
			Türgen	Khavtsal
			Zavkhan	Sharbulag
			Züüngov	Zel
			Züünkhangay	Zhargalant
No.	Aimag (Province)	Aimag capital	Mongolian Sum (District)	Sum centre
21	Zavkhan	Uliastay	Aldarkhaan	Aldar
			Asgat	Asgat
			Bayankhayrkhan	Altanbulag
			Bayantes	Altay
			Dörvölzhin	Buga
			Erdenekhayrkhan	Altan
			Ider	Zuunmod
			Ikh-Uul	Bayan-Ukhaa
			Nömrög	Khodrogo
			Otgon	Buyant
			Santmargats	Kholboo
			Shilüüstey	Balgatay
			Songino	Tsavdan
			Telmen	Övögdiy
			Tes	Zür
			Tosontsengel	Tosontsengel
			Tsagaanchuluut	Tsagaanchuluut
			Tsagaankhayrkhan	Shiree
			Tsetsen-Uul	Tegsh
			Tüdevtey	Oygon
			Urgamal	Khüngiy
			Yaruu	Chandman
			Zavkhanmandal	Nuga

? Here is not clear, if the capital of the Aimag (Province) represents the district centre or if another independent district centre exists.

data compiled by: A. Zemmrich

Romanization Rules for Mongolian Cyrillic Characters applied by FloraGREIF

acc. to Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1997) for the Russian alphabet and for Mongolian special characters acc. to UNGEGN: United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (2003)


Cyrillic characters		Equivalent Latin characters

А	а	A	a
Б	б	B	b
В	в	V	v
Г	г	G	g
Д	д	D	d
Е	е	E	e
Ё	ё	YO	yo
Ж	ж	ZH	zh
З	з	Z	z
И	и	I	i
Й	й	Y	y
К	к	K	k
Л	л	L	l
М	м	M	m
Н	н	N	n
О	о	O	o
Ө	ө	Ö	ö
П	п	P	p
Р	р	R	r
С	с	S	s
Т	т	T	t
У	у	U	u
Ү	ү	Ü	ü
Ф	ф	F	f
Х	х	KH	kh
Ц	ц	TS	ts
Ч	ч	CH	ch
Ш	ш	SH	sh
Щ	щ	SHCH	shch
Ъ	ъ	omit	omit
Ы	ы	Y	y
Ь	ь	omit	omit
Э	э	E	e
Ю	ю	YU	yu
Я	я	YA	ya

References
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1997): Table 32: The Russian alphabet. In Chapter: Languages of the world. In: Macropaedia – Knowledge in Depth. Vol. 22 of The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: p. 681.

UNGEGN: United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (2003): Report on the current status of United Nations romanization systems for geographical names. Compiled by UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems. Version 2.2, January 2003. http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_mn.pdf

data compiled by: A. Zemmrich

List of place frequently visited by German Excursions

There are some german locality descriptions of mongolian places, that frequently come up at herbar labels.

Name	Geogr. Details
„ehemalige Saurierausgrabungsstätte“, Ömnögov, Nemegt-Senke former dinosaur excavation site, Ömnögov, Nemegt-Valley	E 100°26′ / N 43°29′, decimal degrees: E 100,4333 / N 43,4833 prec: 1 km (?), Province: Ömnögöv, District: Gurvantes
„Kloster Manzhir bei Zuunmood nahe Ulan Bator“ monastery Manzhir near Zu unmood close to Ulaanbataar	Either: Bayan Tsag on the northern edge of Ömnögov Aimag, Servey Sum, N 44°08.536; E. 103°43.206. Or: Khermen Tsav on the western edge (Gurvantes Sum). very remote place. N 43°28.006 / E 99°49.976
„Tereldzh, Schildkrötenfelsen/Touristenlager oder in der Nähe“y Tereldzh, turtle rock / tourist camp or the vicinity	NE of Ulaan Baatar (Khentej), N: 47,91° E: 107,42°
Orkhon-Wasserfall Överkhangay, Khudzhirt Orkhon-Waterfall Överkhangay, Khudzhirt	N 46,77848246 E 101,9807982
Granitfeld (Magma-Basalt-Feld?) bei Khudzhirt Granite field (Magma-basalt-field?) near Khudzhirt	coordinates missing Province: Överkhangay, district: Khuzhirt (?)
Adlerschlucht Yolin Am im Gurvan Saikhan Eagle Canyon in the Gurvan Saikhan	N 43°29.180 / E 104°03.200, Province: Ömnogov, District: Khankhongor
Gurvan-Sajchan uul, Dzun Sajchan uul südlich Elijn am (Yolyn-am)	Province: Ömnögov, district: Bayandalay
Chögnö Tarnijn chijd Khugne-Tarniyn-Khiyd	N 47,46895 E 103,730164
Canyon des Chuluutijn gol canyon of Chuluutiyn-Gol river	N 48,19241902 E 100,3675373
Tsingeltey	N 47,940727 E 107,059708
Töchmijn nuur Tukhmiyn-Nuur	N 46,905246 E 104,982605
Estiyn-Gol	N 48,488397 E 107,745667
Chorgo Vulkan Khorgo volcano	N 48,19241902 E 99,92591132
Erdene-Zuu	N 47,21560719 E 102,8376823
Tsagaan-Nuur	N 48,170894 E 99,84375
Zuun Sajchan uul, Elijn am Zuun-Saykhan-Uul, Eliyn-Am	N 43,459897 E 104,304199
Dund Sajchan uul Dund-Saykhan-Uul	N 43,64456211 E 103,7346766
Tarvagataj Tarvagatay-Nuruu Mountains	N 48,20392976 E 99,4065545
Paß Egijn davaa (2.250m) Egiyn-Davaa mountain pass (2250m)	N 47,218985 E 99,999447
Zuramtay-Uul	N 43,06894341 E 103,1420556
Chataj-Suutal (1410m)	N 44,4426251 E 101,0795193
Khugsho-Uul	N 43,28069521 E 101,6792287
Tost-Uul	N 43,19828859 E 100,6409053
Narandac Chudag Narandaats-Khudag	N 43,47023044 E 100,3360008
Ich Chürmen uul	N 44,37169647 E 103,8488666
Ich Chajrchan uul	N 46,899616 E 105,974121
Delgerchangaj uul Delgerkhangay-Uul	N 45,2179663 E 105,085442

These german names are often mentioned on herbar labels, therefore the current aimak name is given.

Zentral-Aimak = Töv
Südgobi-Aimak = Ömnögov
Gobi-Altai = Gov-Altay
Mittelgobi = Dundgov
Ostgobi = Saynshand
Ost-Aimag, Östlicher Aimag = Dornod

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Book Review: Hauck M. H. & Solongo Z. B. „Flowers of Mongolia“

Hauck M. H. & Solongo Z. B.: Flowers of Mongolia / Mongol orny c c g.
– Telgte: Biermann, 2010.
– ISBN: 978-3-9813082-0-4.
– 325 S., zahlr. Abb., Harteinband.
– Preis: EUR 69,-.

Book Flowers of Mongolia

Veröffentlicht in: Willdenowia 41, Buchbesprechungen / Book reviews, pp. 197-200(4)

„Endlich, eine Bilderflora der Mongolei! Das gerade erschienene Werk enthält 435 Arten und damit immerhin bereits 15% der mongolischen Flora. Zusammen mit der virtuellen Datensammlung zur Flora der Mongolei (https://floragreif.uni-greifswald.de/), wo aktuell 1009 Arten in Bildern (Scans von Herbarbelegen und Fotos) präsentiert werden, ist ein bemerkenswerter Anteil der mongolischen Flora mit Farbfotos abgedeckt. Von den Autoren wird diese Internet-Seite aber leider nicht zitiert.
1182 Farbfotografien von 435 Arten der Höheren Pflanzen aus 75 Familien sind in dem neuen Werk enthalten. Die Intention der Autoren ist es, durch aussagekräftige Fotos eine anschauliche Ergänzung zu den vorhandenen Florenwerken (Grubov 1982, 2001, 2008: Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia; Gubanov 1996: Conspectus of flora of Outer Mongolia; regionale Werke z.B. Flora Khangaya, auf russisch) der Mongolei anzubieten. Die Fotos sind in vier Gruppen gegliedert: Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledonae und Monocotyledonae. Innerhalb dieser Gruppen sind die Familien und in den Familien die Arten alphabetisch angeordnet.
[…]
Artnamen und Synonyme der relevanten Literatur, Informationen zu typischen Habitaten und Vegetationstypen sowie kurze Kommentare finden sich im 2. Teil des Buches. Bestimmungsmerkmale sich nicht enthalten. Diesbezüglich muss man weiterhin auf das Grundlagenwerk von Grubov (s.o.) zurückgreifen, das im Querschnitt sehr gute, brauchbare Schlüssel und praktische, kurze, auf bestimmungsrelevante Merkmale fokussierte Beschreibungen enthält und damit ohnehin nicht leicht zu übertreffen ist. Die Verbreitung in der Mongolei wird in Form von Nummern, die sich auf die phytogeographischen Regionen von Grubov beziehen, angegeben. Den Gebrauchswert des Werkes beeinträchtigt, dass Fotos und Kommentare in getrennten Buchbereichen liegen.
Insgesamt ein gelungenes Werk für Mongolen, Deutsche oder des Englischen mächtige Botanikfreunde. So können wir uns auf die geplanten Erweiterungsbände mit hoffentlich vielen Fruchtdetails freuen.“
Sabrina Rilke

PLANTS Database

URL: http://plants.usda.gov/adv_search.html

The PLANTS Database provides standardized information about the vascular plants, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens of the U.S. and its territories.

Plants of Texas Rangelands

URL: http://essmextension.tamu.edu/plants/

This website provides a description, identifying characteristics, the geographic distribution and a habitat description of species found on Texas rangelands, along with photographs of the plant and its distinguishing features. Information on the most common toxic plants in the state, including signs of poisining and controlling these plants.

asianflora.com

URL: http://www.asianflora.com/sommaire2.htm
Pictures of asian plants, research by family and genus name
Pictures of botanical expeditions

botanic.jp

URL: http://botanic.jp/index.htm
Site written mainly in Japanese, partly translated into English
Pictures of Plants, browse by latin name, japanese name or common name

Join us

You are interested in the Flora of Mongolia? You want to share your knowledge and/or your collection on mongolian plants with internet users worldwide?

For more information see:

Project FloraGREIF: Key to a Virtual Flora of Mongolia (Flyer, PDF)

herbarium	number of mongolian herbarium specimens hosted and made publicly available (last update: 10/2014)
GFW	3.313
B	308
LE	180
OSBU	1.687
HAL	11.653
GAT	200
private herbarium H. v. Wehrden	67
private herbarium K. Wesche	207
Müritzeum	111
private herbarium K.F. Günther	354
private herbarium S. Rilke	478

Pick your family or genus from the list above and contact us: florafloragreif.uni-greifswald.de

Please note: plant images are always welcome if they fit our requirements: (1) authors allowance (2) high resolution image file (3) plant characteristics are perceptible (4) date and location are given.

Useful advices for photographers:

a scale next to the plant is helpful, e.g. a coin or a ruler
different views on the same plant are helpful (top view, front view, habitat view)
the inflorescence is often the most impressive part, but in order to identify the specimen a closer look at the leaves, stem, and habit is unavoidable

family	editor(s)	photographer(s)*
Adoxaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Alismataceae	S. Rilke, January 2012
Alliaceae	N. Friesen 2012; A. Zemmrich & N. Friesen 2008	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006
Amaranthaceae
Apiaceae	K.F. Günther, in preparation	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Apocynaceae	S. Rilke, August 2010
Araceae
Asclepiadaceae	S. Rilke & E. Dauber, August 2010
Asparagaceae
Asphodelaceae
Aspidiaceae
Aspleniaceae
Asteraceae		M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; Y. Novozhilov 2007; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Artemisia	M. Schnittler, in preparation
Cichorieae (excl. Hieracium)	N. Kilian
Saussurea	E. Raab-Straube
Athyriaceae
Balsaminaceae	S. Rilke, June 2009
Berberidaceae
Betulaceae
Biebersteiniaceae	S. Rilke, November 2008
Bignoniaceae
Boraginaceae	S. Rilke, April 2014	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006
Botrychiaceae
Brassicaceae		M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006
Butomaceae	S. Rilke, June 2009
Callitrichaceae	S. Rilke, May 2009
Campanulaceae
Cannabaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Capparaceae
Caprifoliaceae	S. Rilke & S. Starke, November 2012
Caryophyllaceae	G. Laskov, February 2013	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Celastraceae
Ceratophyllaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Chenopodiaceae		M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006; M. Stubbe 2004
Agriophyllum	S. Rilke
Atriplex	S. Rilke 2010, A. Sukhorukov 2012
Axyris	S. Rilke
Ceratocarpus	S. Rilke
Kalidium	S. Rilke
Krascheninnikovia	S. Rilke
Salsola	S. Rilke
Suaeda	H. Freitag & M. Lomonosova, February 2011
Convallariaceae
Convolvulaceae
Cornaceae
Crassulaceae
Cryptogrammaceae
Cupressaceae
Cuscutaceae
Cynomoriaceae	S. Rilke, June 2009
Cyperaceae	M. Schnittler, January 2011	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006
Dipsacaceae	S. Rilke, June 2009
Droseraceae	S. Rilke, August 2014
Elaeagnaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Empetraceae	S. Rilke, April 2009; 2014
Ephedraceae	H. Freitag & M. Maier-Stolte, April 2009
Equisetaceae	S. Rilke & S. Starke, October 2012
Ericaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae		M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Astragalus	D. Podlech, 2009-2011
Frankeniaceae	S. Rilke, March 2009
Fumariaceae	S. Rilke & S. Starke, March 2012
Gentianaceae	S. Rilke & K. Ungethüm, June 2013	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Geraniaceae	S. Rilke, January 2009
Grossulariaceae	S. Rilke & S. Starke, March 2012
Haloragaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Hemerocallidaceae
Hippuridaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Huperziaceae
Hypecoaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Hypericaceae	S. Rilke, February 2009
Hypolepidaceae
Iridaceae
Juncaceae	S. Rilke & S. Starke, August 2014
Juncaginaceae	S. Rilke, June 2009
Lamiaceae	A. Weitkunat & S. Rilke, 2014	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Lemnaceae
Lentibulariaceae
Utricularia	Jost Casper, 1975
Liliaceae
Linaceae
Lycopodiaceae
Lythraceae
Malvaceae	S. Rilke, March 2009
Melanthiaceae	Rilke: March 2012
Menispermaceae	S. Rilke, June 2009
Menyanthaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Molluginaceae
Monotropaceae
Najadaceae	S. Rilke, June 2009
Nitrariaceae
Nymphaeaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Onagraceae
Orchidaceae	S. Rilke, August 2012	M. Vesper, June 2007
Orobanchaceae	H. Uhlich, February 2013
Pedicularis	P. Kuss, 2011
Oxalidaceae
Paeoniaceae	S. Rilke, May 2010
Papaveraceae	P. Hanelt, May 2010
Parnassiaceae
Peganaceae
Pinaceae	S. Rilke, in Preparation	M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Plantaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Poaceae	S. Rilke & S. Starke, 2010	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Eragrostis	H. Scholz, 2010
Stipa	M. Nobis, 2014
Polemoniaceae
Polygalaceae	S. Rilke & S. Starke, August 2014
Polygonaceae	A. Zemmrich, 2009; S. Rilke, 2014	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006
Polypodiaceae
Portulacaceae
Potamogetonaceae
Primulaceae		M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006
Pyrolaceae	S. Rilke, 2014
Ranunculaceae	S. Rilke, July 2010	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Rhamnaceae	S. Rilke, February 2009
Rosaceae	S. Rilke & S. Starke, 2013	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006; M. Schnittler, 2003, 2006
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae	S. Rilke, April 2012
Salicaceae		M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006
Populus	Anne Petzold, March 2012
Santalaceae
Saxifragaceae
Scheuchzeriaceae
Scrophulariaceae	s. Rilke & E. Heinrich, July 2014	M. Kretschmer, 2003, 2006
Selaginellaceae
Sinopteridaceae
Solanaceae
Sparganiaceae
Tamaricaceae	S. Rilke, May 2009
Thelypteridaceae
Thymelaeaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Trilliaceae
Typhaceae
Ulmaceae
Urticaceae	S. Starke & S. Rilke, January 2014
Valerianaceae	E. Dauber & S. Rilke, in preparation
Verbenaceae	S. Rilke, July 2009
Violaceae
Woodsiaceae
Zannichelliaceae	S. Rilke, February 2012
Zygophyllaceae	S. Rilke, June 2014

*comlete list of photographers: S. Breckle, E. & M. Dauber, H. Freitag, M. Hauck & B. Solongo, W. Hilbig, E. Jäger, F. Joly, M. Kretschmer, G. Laskov, F. Mark, F. Montfort, Y. Novozhilov, D. Pietsch, S. Rilke, M. Schäffler, E. Schlunegger M. Schnittler, M. Stubbe, U. Timmermann, M. Vesper, K. Wächter, D. Wächter, T. Weiss, A. Zemmrich (last update: 10/2014)

listings and text by: S. Rilke & U. Najmi

Virtual Guide to the Flora of Mongolia

Plant Database as Practical Approach