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Class:angiosperms
Order:Saxifragales
Family:Grossulariaceae
Genus:Grossularia
Herbar:list records    scans available    photo available    
Description:Shoots throughout length studded with straight thin spines, spines in nodes tripartite. Flowers solitary.
open map in a new windowtaxon distribution for Grossularia  acc. to Geobotanical Regions of Mongolia by Grubov (1955)
species: 1
Habit (i)general appearance of a plant
Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber.shrub, subshrub or semishrub (i)Shrub, multi-stemmed, mostly (0.2) 0.5 - 5 m high, shoots woody up to the tip
example: Caragana leucophloea
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: shrub, subshrub or semishrub
Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite?no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: no parasite/saprophyte
Water or terrestrial plant: (i)Where do the plants grow?terrestrial (i)Plant grows on dry land
example: Orostachys spinosa
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: terrestrial
Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades)
Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves.with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves inherited by family Grossulariaceae: with green leaves
Leaf arrangement: (i)Arrangement of leaves at the stem.alternate (i)One leaf per node; distiche: arranged in two vertical rows, equitant
example: Phragmites
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: alternate
Simple or divided leaves: (i)Are the leaves simple or completely divided in several parts? Blade of the leaf entire or (more or less) deeply dissected. Attention: There are various appearances of the leaf margin (from entire to toothed and lobed). Here, we ignore this and ask only for dissections that separate the leaf for more than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. Sometimes, it is difficult to tell apart compound leaves from a shoot system with simple leaves: look for stipulae and/or axillary buds at the ground of the leaves: if only some possess these structures, the others are most likely leaflets of a compound leaf.simple (i)Non-divided leaf, but margin may be incised nearly to the ground inherited by family Grossulariaceae: simple
Petiole: (i)Leaf divided into stalk (petiole) and blade.with (i)Leaves with petiole (stalk) inherited by family Grossulariaceae: with
Stipule: (i)Leaflets at the base of the petiole, these are smaller and of different shape.pair (i)A pair of free stipulae
example: Lathyrus, Trifolium
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: pair
Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf.pinnate (i)One main vein, several side veins, sometimes inconspicuous
example: Cicerbita
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: pinnate
Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower.attractive, animal-pollinated (i)attractive and coloured flowers, mostly large, attracting surely animals
example: Trollius, Rosa, Chamaerhodos
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: attractive, animal-pollinated
Perianth arrangement: (i)Attention: in some plants, flowers may be dimorphic in different ways (dioecious or gynodioecious). If flowers vary, record the characters of the most showy flowers.double, different (i)Two types of perianth leaves, differently coloured (sepals: outer periant leaves, usually greenish, and petals: inner perianth leaves, usually coloured)
example: Parnassia
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: double, different
Flower symmetry: (i)Symmetry of the perianth leaves. Attention: to assess this character, look on sepals, petals and stamens, but neglect carpels and ovary.radiary, regular (actinomorphic) (i)More than two axis of symmetry
example: Saxifraga: 5; Iris: 3
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: radiary, regular (actinomorphic)
Flower form: (i)common forms of flowers ? Veronicasimple (flat) - Do not confuse with inflorescences as in some Asteraceae (i)Petals spread out, flower appearing flat
example: Mollugo, Trientalis, Pulsatilla, Saxifraga
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: simple (flat) - Do not confuse with inflorescences as in some Asteraceae
Hypanthium developed (i)Cup-shaped extension of the floral axis developed (receptacle accrescent)
example: Saxifragaceae, Rosaceae p.p., Lythraceae
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: Hypanthium developed
Sepal number: (i)Number of sepal leaves (outer perianth leaves, calyx leaves, mostly greenish). Attention, this character applies only for flowers separated in sepals and petals, thus excluding most monocots. Be aware of the bracts (involucral leaves) of Asteraceae flowerheads, do not qualify these as sepals! Be also aware in Rosaceae is often an epicalyx developed, in this case count all parts.4 (i)
example: Sinapis
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: 4
5 (i)
example: Polemonium
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: 5
Sepal fusion: (i)To which degree are the sepal leaves connected? Attention, this character applies only for flowers separated in sepals and petals, thus excluding most monocots. Be aware of the bracts (involucral leaves) of Asteraceae flowerheads, do not qualify these as sepals!free (i)All leaves separate from each other
example: Geranium
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: free
Petal / Tepal number: (i)Number of petal leaves (inner perianth leaves, usually coloured).4 (i)
example: Galium
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: 4
5 (i)
example: Potentilla
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: 5
Petal / Tepal fusion: (i)To which degree are the petal leaves connected? Petals sympetalous.free (i)all petal leaves separate from each other
example: Anthriscus
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: free
Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar.no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: no spur
Stamen number: (i)Attention: We ask for the reproductive organs of the flower dispersing pollen. Count only fully fertile stamens, not staminodia (e.g. Parnassia).4 (i)Extremely rare, may be absent
example: Plantago
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: 4
5 (i)
example: Peucedanum
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: 5
Stamen fusion: (i)To which degree are the stamens fused? Attention: Whereas the pollen sacs itself are often free., their stalks (filaments) may be fused. Here, we count them as fused if they are together over at least one thirth of their length.free (i)Stamens with separate bases
example: Malus
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: free
Pistil number: (i)Number of pistils (female floral organs: style, if developed; stigma and carpels/ovary together build the pistil).1 (i)One carpel, but clearly one stigma
example: Pyrola, Primula, Alyssum
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: 1
Carpel number: (i)Number of carpels (carpel: forming a simple pistil or part of a compound pistil, modified leaf).2 inherited by family Grossulariaceae: 2
Carpel fusion: (i)To which degree are the carpels (modified leaf forming simple pistil or part of a compound pistil) fused.fused (i)Carpels united into an ovary, only styles are free
example: Malus, Berberis
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: fused
Ovary position: (i)For entirely or partly fused carpels, describe their position in relation to the insertion point of perianth leaves (best done by doing a longitudinal section of a flower).intermediate ovary (i)Ovary partly or fully underneath the perianth leaves, ovary not fused with axis but surrounded by a flower cup
example: Prunus, a lot of Rosaceae
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: intermediate ovary
inferior (i)Ovary below the point where perianth leaves are inserted, always fused to an ovary
example: Vaccinum
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: inferior
Inflorescence (i)flowering part of a plant, describes the arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis
Inflorescence: (i)Structure of the inflorescence.Flowers in inflorescence (i)No solitary flowers inherited by family Grossulariaceae: Flowers in inflorescence
Appearance: (i)Outer look of the inflorescence.axillary (i)Usually several inflorescences in axillary shoots or single flowers in leaf axils, main shoot remains mostly leafy
example: Tragopogon, Aconogonon
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: axillary
Inflorescence type: (i)Types of inflorescence. Attention: We here ask for the botanical nomenclature of inflorescences, which is sufficiently complicated. Tick only, if you are certain, or tick all inflorescence types that appear similar of these of the plant in question.raceme (i)Stalked flowers arranged along a simple main axis, often one by one in the axils of leaves, maturing from bottom upwards
example: Aconitum barbatum
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: raceme
Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination.
Consistency: (i)Fleshy fruits or dry fruits, see dispersal adaptations for further classification.fleshy (i)Usually non dehiscent; with a fleshy (swollen because of a high water content) outer shell, flesh edible at least for animals
example: Prunus, Amygdalus, Malus
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: fleshy
Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp).Indehiscent fruits inherited by family Grossulariaceae: Indehiscent fruits
Solitary fruits (i) inherited by family Grossulariaceae: Solitary fruits
berry (i)Fleshy fruit with several to many seeds in the flesh
example: Tomato
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: berry
Opening of fruit: (i)Mode of dehiscence at maturity to release seeds.not opening / indehiscent (i)Fruits remain closed at maturity and disperse with seeds inside
example: Corylus (nut), Vaccinium (berry)
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: not opening / indehiscent
Dispersal: (i)Appearance of fruit or seed (if single) and adaptations to dispersal.Fleshy, edible (i)At least parts with a soft tissue edible at least for some animals (not necessarily for humans) inherited by family Grossulariaceae: Fleshy, edible
Hairs
Hairs: (i)Appearance, structure, coverage of hairs on plant.on leaf (i)Hairs on upper side, lower side or on margin of leaf inherited by family Grossulariaceae: on leaf
leaf upper side (i)Has hairs on leaves upper side (blade) inherited by family Grossulariaceae: leaf upper side
structure: glands (i)Glands (plant appears sticky)
example: Thalictrum foetidum
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: structure: glands
leaf lower side inherited by family Grossulariaceae: leaf lower side
on stem/shoot (i)Has hairs on stem/shoot inherited by family Grossulariaceae: on stem/shoot
structure: glands (i)Glands (plant appears sticky)
example: Chamerhodos erecta
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: structure: glands
structure: glands (i)Plant appears sticky
example: Cerastium glutinosum, Droseraceae
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: structure: glands
Shoot/Stem (i)a young stem or branch
Spines, thorns or prickles: (i)Shoot with conspicuous spines, thorns or prickles.spines or thornes (i)Sharp pointed woody structure originating from the plant (thornes derived from a reduced branch, spines from leaves)
example: Prunus spinosa no in Mongolia
inherited by family Grossulariaceae: spines or thornes
single (i)More or less scattered solitary spines
example: Grossularia acicularis

Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves
Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots.allorhizous (i)Plant with a conspicuous tap root, one larger tap root with side roots
example: Dicotyledonae
inherited by order Saxifragales: allorhizous