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Class:angiosperms
Order:Caryophyllales
Family:Polygonaceae
Genus:Bistorta
Scientific name: Bistorta major S. F. Gray
Name acc. to:Gubanov 1996, not in Grubov 1982/2001
Herbar:list records    photo available    habitat photo available    
Synonym: Polygonum major S. F. Gray (acc. to Gubanov 1996)
Confuse with:Bistorta elliptica (Willd. ex Spreng.) Kom., Bistorta alopecuroides (Turcz. ex Meissn.) Kom.
Comments:To distinguish these three species mature specimens with full-grown inflorescenses are necessary; Bistorta elliptica: shorter but thicker spikes (2-3 cm long, 1.5-2 cm diameter) and bigger tepals (3-3.5 mm) than other both species; Bistorta alopecuroides & Bistorta major: longer but thinner spikes (4-8 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter) and smaller tepals (2-3 mm); Bistorta alopecuroides: basal leaves narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 cm wide; Bistorta major: basal leaves broadly lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 2-5 cm wide (Source: Flora of China, Vol. 5, 2003).
Link to Flora of China:http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2&name_str=Polygonum+bistorta
open map in a new windowtaxon distribution for Bistorta major acc. to Geobotanical Regions of Mongolia by Grubov (1955)
Habitat:Hilly grasslands, meadows; 800-3000 m asl (acc. to Flora of China, vol. 5, 2003). In meadows, forest glades, along banks of water reservoirs; ascending in hills up to upper forest boundary (acc. to FLora of Siberia, vol. 5, 2003).
Habit (i)general appearance of a plant
Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber.herb (i)Herbaceous, erect plant, up to 2m high, mostly with a leafy shoot; if perennial, shoots die to the ground each season, shoots are not woody
example: Artemisia pectinata
inherited by family Polygonaceae: herb
perennial (i)Living for several to many years, as opposed to annual and biennial
shrub, subshrub or semishrub (i)Shrub, multi-stemmed, mostly (0.2) 0.5 - 5 m high, shoots woody up to the tip
example: Caragana leucophloea
inherited by family Polygonaceae: shrub, subshrub or semishrub
acc. to: FoC online
Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite?no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus
inherited by family Polygonaceae: no parasite/saprophyte
Water or terrestrial plant: (i)Where do the plants grow?terrestrial (i)Plant grows on dry land
example: Orostachys spinosa
inherited by family Polygonaceae: terrestrial
Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades)
Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves.with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves inherited by family Polygonaceae: with green leaves
Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf.pinnate (i)One main vein, several side veins, sometimes inconspicuous
example: Cicerbita
inherited by family Polygonaceae: pinnate
Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower.not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants (i)Small, colourless or green flowers
example: Betula, grasslike plants: Carex, Setaria, Juncus
inherited by family Polygonaceae: not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants
Flower colour: (i)Attention: assess colour of the most colourful parts of the flower, but not of the stamens; be aware of single plants with a mutation (mostly white) on flower colour.greenish (i)petals absent or not distinctly different from colours of leaves, only stigmas (white) or anthers (yellow) may differ in color
example: Chenopodium, Triglochin
inherited by family Polygonaceae: greenish
red (i)Reddish (also orange) to deep red
example: Lilium, Rhododendrum
inherited by family Polygonaceae: red
Perianth arrangement: (i)Attention: in some plants, flowers may be dimorphic in different ways (dioecious or gynodioecious). If flowers vary, record the characters of the most showy flowers.simple, similar (i)Only one type of perianth leaves (tepals)
example: Tulipa
inherited by family Polygonaceae: simple, similar
Diameter of flower: (i)Diameter of flower or flower head. from 5 mm to 10 mm (i)
example: Stellaria
inherited by family Polygonaceae:
from 10 mm to 20 mm (i)
example: Potentilla
inherited by family Polygonaceae:
Flower symmetry: (i)Symmetry of the perianth leaves. Attention: to assess this character, look on sepals, petals and stamens, but neglect carpels and ovary.radiary, regular (actinomorphic) (i)More than two axis of symmetry
example: Saxifraga: 5; Iris: 3
inherited by family Polygonaceae: radiary, regular (actinomorphic)
Flower form: (i)common forms of flowers ? Veronicasimple (flat) - Do not confuse with inflorescences as in some Asteraceae (i)Petals spread out, flower appearing flat
example: Mollugo, Trientalis, Pulsatilla, Saxifraga
inherited by family Polygonaceae: simple (flat) - Do not confuse with inflorescences as in some Asteraceae
Sepal number: (i)Number of sepal leaves (outer perianth leaves, calyx leaves, mostly greenish). Attention, this character applies only for flowers separated in sepals and petals, thus excluding most monocots. Be aware of the bracts (involucral leaves) of Asteraceae flowerheads, do not qualify these as sepals! Be also aware in Rosaceae is often an epicalyx developed, in this case count all parts.3 (i)
example: Baldellia, Alisma
inherited by family Polygonaceae: 3
Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar.no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum
inherited by family Polygonaceae: no spur
Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination.
Consistency: (i)Fleshy fruits or dry fruits, see dispersal adaptations for further classification.dry (i)With a dry outer shell, no fleshy parts, but seed (embryo) could be edible inherited by family Polygonaceae: dry
Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp).Indehiscent fruits inherited by family Polygonaceae: Indehiscent fruits
Solitary fruits (i) inherited by family Polygonaceae: Solitary fruits
nut or nutlet (i)Dry fruit with a single, hard stone inside (and usually a large often edible embryo) inherited by family Polygonaceae: nut or nutlet
Seed number: (i)Estimate the number of seeds per fruit, if recognizable seeds are in the fruit (in rare cases a fruit may contain one seeded nuts: rose hip, carex).1 (i)A single seed (stone) or seed and fruit wall tightly connected
example: Prunus, Amygdalus: drupe
inherited by family Polygonaceae: 1
Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves
Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots.allorhizous (i)Plant with a conspicuous tap root, one larger tap root with side roots
example: Dicotyledonae
inherited by order Caryophyllales: allorhizous
Distribution (i)region where the plant is likely to be found
Distribution (Veg. Zones): (i)acc. to Grubov 1952Khentei (i)In distribution data often named as '2'
acc. to: Gubanov 1996