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Class:angiosperms
Order:Poales
Family:Cyperaceae
Genus:Carex
Scientific name: Carex falcata Turcz.
Name acc. to:Gubanov 1996
Description:Sg. Carex, male spike(s) on top, all others purely female, stigmas usually 3
open map in a new windowtaxon distribution for Carex falcata acc. to Geobotanical Regions of Mongolia by Grubov (1955)
Habitat:Forests, forest meadows and waterside shrubberies (Grubov 2001).
Habit (i)general appearance of a plant
Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber.herb (i)Herbaceous, erect plant, up to 2m high, mostly with a leafy shoot; if perennial, shoots die to the ground each season, shoots are not woody
example: Artemisia pectinata
inherited by family Cyperaceae: herb
Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite?no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus
inherited by family Cyperaceae: no parasite/saprophyte
Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades)
Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves.with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves inherited by family Cyperaceae: with green leaves
Leaf arrangement: (i)Arrangement of leaves at the stem.alternate (i)One leaf per node; distiche: arranged in two vertical rows, equitant
example: Phragmites
inherited by family Cyperaceae: alternate
Simple or divided leaves: (i)Are the leaves simple or completely divided in several parts? Blade of the leaf entire or (more or less) deeply dissected. Attention: There are various appearances of the leaf margin (from entire to toothed and lobed). Here, we ignore this and ask only for dissections that separate the leaf for more than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. Sometimes, it is difficult to tell apart compound leaves from a shoot system with simple leaves: look for stipulae and/or axillary buds at the ground of the leaves: if only some possess these structures, the others are most likely leaflets of a compound leaf.simple (i)Non-divided leaf, but margin may be incised nearly to the ground inherited by order Poales: simple
Shape of blade: (i)Easy for simple leaves. In compound leaves use the general shape of leaflet. Always check the ground for largest leaves of a plant. To be worked out: how to handle pinnate leaves?linear incl.grasslike or oblong (i)Leaves more than two times longer than broad with more or less parallel margins; see character: stipule for ligula
example: Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Poaceae, Scutellaria scordifolia, Pinus
inherited by family Cyperaceae: linear incl.grasslike or oblong
Leaf margin: (i)Structure of leaf margin (or that of a leaflet in case of compound leaves). Attention: Here we ask for the leaf margin, defined as all those dissections that separate the leaf for less than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. To be worked out: how to handle margin of pinnate leaves?entire (i)Plain margin, not toothed
example: Iris
inherited by order Poales: entire
Petiole: (i)Leaf divided into stalk (petiole) and blade.without (i)Leaves without petiole (stalk), sessile
example: Poaceae, Iris
inherited by family Cyperaceae: without
surrounding stem (i)Base ensheathing the shoot
example: Iris, Poaceae
inherited by family Cyperaceae: surrounding stem
Stipule: (i)Leaflets at the base of the petiole, these are smaller and of different shape.none (i)Without stipules
example: Euphorbia, Ericaceae s.l.
inherited by family Cyperaceae: none
ligula (i)Stipulae forming a transparent, often tongue-like sheath around the stem
example: Poa
inherited by family Cyperaceae: ligula
Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf.parallel (i)Most veins arranged parallel to the length of leaf, mostly no pronounced main vein (usually in elongate to linear leaves)
example: Most Monocotyledonae, Plantago, Veratrum, a lot of Caryophyllaceae looks like that.
inherited by order Poales: parallel
Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower.not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants (i)Small, colourless or green flowers
example: Betula, grasslike plants: Carex, Setaria, Juncus
inherited by family Cyperaceae: not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants
Flower colour: (i)Attention: assess colour of the most colourful parts of the flower, but not of the stamens; be aware of single plants with a mutation (mostly white) on flower colour.colourless (i)Dry membranous inherited by family Cyperaceae: colourless
greenish (i)petals absent or not distinctly different from colours of leaves, only stigmas (white) or anthers (yellow) may differ in color
example: Chenopodium, Triglochin
inherited by family Cyperaceae: greenish
white (i)Most plants of the population white
example: Pleurospermum, Maianthemum
inherited by family Cyperaceae: white
Perianth arrangement: (i)Attention: in some plants, flowers may be dimorphic in different ways (dioecious or gynodioecious). If flowers vary, record the characters of the most showy flowers.absent or strongly reduced (i)No perianth leaves ensheathing stamen and/or carpels
example: Callitriche
inherited by family Cyperaceae: absent or strongly reduced
Diameter of flower: (i)Diameter of flower or flower head. to 5 mm (i)
example: Aruncus
inherited by family Cyperaceae:
from 5 mm to 10 mm (i)
example: Stellaria
inherited by family Cyperaceae:
Sepal number: (i)Number of sepal leaves (outer perianth leaves, calyx leaves, mostly greenish). Attention, this character applies only for flowers separated in sepals and petals, thus excluding most monocots. Be aware of the bracts (involucral leaves) of Asteraceae flowerheads, do not qualify these as sepals! Be also aware in Rosaceae is often an epicalyx developed, in this case count all parts.none or rudimentary (i)Hardly visible or absent, since perianth uniform
example: All monocots with uniform perianth, many Asteraceae and Apiaceae
inherited by family Cyperaceae: none or rudimentary
Petal / Tepal number: (i)Number of petal leaves (inner perianth leaves, usually coloured).none or reduced (i)But green sepals may exist
example: Thalictrum
inherited by family Cyperaceae: none or reduced
Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar.no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum
inherited by family Cyperaceae: no spur
Stamen number: (i)Attention: We ask for the reproductive organs of the flower dispersing pollen. Count only fully fertile stamens, not staminodia (e.g. Parnassia).1 (i)
example: Orchis
inherited by family Cyperaceae: 1
2 (i)
example: Cypripedium
inherited by family Cyperaceae: 2
3 (i)
example: Poa, Iris
inherited by family Cyperaceae: 3
Stamen fusion: (i)To which degree are the stamens fused? Attention: Whereas the pollen sacs itself are often free., their stalks (filaments) may be fused. Here, we count them as fused if they are together over at least one thirth of their length.free (i)Stamens with separate bases
example: Malus
inherited by family Cyperaceae: free
Pistil number: (i)Number of pistils (female floral organs: style, if developed; stigma and carpels/ovary together build the pistil).1 (i)One carpel, but clearly one stigma
example: Pyrola, Primula, Alyssum
inherited by family Cyperaceae: 1
Carpel fusion: (i)To which degree are the carpels (modified leaf forming simple pistil or part of a compound pistil) fused.fused (i)Carpels united into an ovary, only styles are free
example: Malus, Berberis
inherited by family Cyperaceae: fused
Style number: (i)Portion of the pistil connecting the stigma to the ovary.1 inherited by family Cyperaceae: 1
Stigma number per style: (i)Number of stigmas per style.2 (i)Two stigmas, resulting from two fused carpels with or without developed style inherited by family Cyperaceae: 2
3 (i)Three stigmas, resulting from three fused carpels with or without develped style inherited by family Cyperaceae: 3
Ovary position: (i)For entirely or partly fused carpels, describe their position in relation to the insertion point of perianth leaves (best done by doing a longitudinal section of a flower).superior (hypogynous) (i)Base of carpels attached above insertion point of perianth leaves, carpels free or fused
example: Delphinium, Anemone
inherited by family Cyperaceae: superior (hypogynous)
Sex: (i)Distribution of male and female organs among flowers, only most commonly cases.bisexual, hermaphrodite (i)All or nearly all flowers of a plant with male and female parts
example: Haplophyllum, Chenopodium
inherited by family Cyperaceae: bisexual, hermaphrodite
unisexual (i)
example: Rhodiola
inherited by family Cyperaceae: unisexual
Inflorescence (i)flowering part of a plant, describes the arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis
Inflorescence: (i)Structure of the inflorescence.Flowers in inflorescence (i)No solitary flowers inherited by family Cyperaceae: Flowers in inflorescence
Appearance: (i)Outer look of the inflorescence.terminal (i)Inflorescence is the highest point of the plant and may consist of a single flower only
example: Cypripedium, Rhaponticum, Ligularia sibirica, Echinops
inherited by family Cyperaceae: terminal
axillary (i)Usually several inflorescences in axillary shoots or single flowers in leaf axils, main shoot remains mostly leafy
example: Tragopogon, Aconogonon
inherited by family Cyperaceae: axillary
Inflorescence type: (i)Types of inflorescence. Attention: We here ask for the botanical nomenclature of inflorescences, which is sufficiently complicated. Tick only, if you are certain, or tick all inflorescence types that appear similar of these of the plant in question.spike (spadix) (i)All flowers sessile and crowded along a main axis, there may be several spikes on a shoot; sometimes axis thickened (spadix)
example: Plantago, Carex vesicaria, Vicia, Typha (spadix)
inherited by genus Carex: spike (spadix)
Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination.
Consistency: (i)Fleshy fruits or dry fruits, see dispersal adaptations for further classification.dry (i)With a dry outer shell, no fleshy parts, but seed (embryo) could be edible inherited by family Cyperaceae: dry
Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp).Indehiscent fruits inherited by family Cyperaceae: Indehiscent fruits
Solitary fruits (i) inherited by family Cyperaceae: Solitary fruits
nut or nutlet (i)Dry fruit with a single, hard stone inside (and usually a large often edible embryo) inherited by family Cyperaceae: nut or nutlet
Opening of fruit: (i)Mode of dehiscence at maturity to release seeds.not opening / indehiscent (i)Fruits remain closed at maturity and disperse with seeds inside
example: Corylus (nut), Vaccinium (berry)
inherited by family Cyperaceae: not opening / indehiscent
Size of fruit: (i)Size of the fruit including appendage. from 5 mm to 10 mm (i)
example: Silene: small capsule opening with teeth
inherited by family Cyperaceae:
Dispersal: (i)Appearance of fruit or seed (if single) and adaptations to dispersal.Otherwise (i)All parts dry, no conspicuous adaptations inherited by family Cyperaceae: Otherwise
Shoot/Stem (i)a young stem or branch
Cross section: (i)Shape of the cross section of a stem or shoot (look at first to second year shoots).triangular (i)Stem or shoot with 3 angles
example: Carex
inherited by family Cyperaceae: triangular
Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves
Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots.homorhizous (i)Many equal roots
example: Monocotyledonae
inherited by order Poales: homorhizous
Distribution (i)region where the plant is likely to be found
Distribution (Veg. Zones): (i)acc. to Grubov 1952Khentei (i)In distribution data often named as '2'
Khangai (i)In distribution data often named as '3'
acc. to: Gubanov 1996
Distribution Khangay: (i)acc. Flora Khangaya 1989III
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