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Class:angiosperms
Order:Alismatales
Family:Araceae
Genus:Acorus
Scientific name: Acorus calamus L.
Name acc. to:Gubanov 1996
Synonym: Acoraceae A. calmus L. (acc. to APG II)
Description:Plant 50-100 cm high with thick rhizome and flattened stem. Leaves 50-125 x 0.7-2.5 cm.
Link to Flora of China:http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2&name_str=Acorus+calamus
open map in a new windowtaxon distribution for Acorus calamus acc. to Geobotanical Regions of Mongolia by Grubov (1955)
Habitat:Banks of rivers and old river beds, lake coasts (Grubov 2001).
Habit (i)general appearance of a plant
Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber.herb (i)Herbaceous, erect plant, up to 2m high, mostly with a leafy shoot; if perennial, shoots die to the ground each season, shoots are not woody
example: Artemisia pectinata
inherited by family Araceae: herb
Smell & Touch: (i)General appearance of the plant.strong scent (i)Very strong scent, often not pleasant
example: Chenopodium vulvaria

odor (i)Plant with an obvious scent
Size of plant: (i)Attention: use flowering or fruiting specimens to assess plant height (many biennial plants possess only a basal rosette in the first year). from 250 mm to 600 mm
from 600 mm to 1000 mm inherited by family Araceae:
Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite?no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus
inherited by family Araceae: no parasite/saprophyte
Water or terrestrial plant: (i)Where do the plants grow?water or swamp plant inherited by family Araceae: water or swamp plant
plants in swamps, marshes or bogs, leaves rising above water (i)Semiaquatic; plant terrestrial, but restricted to wet or moistured environments with ground water at or near the surface
example: Phragmites communis
inherited by family Araceae: plants in swamps, marshes or bogs, leaves rising above water
Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades)
Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves.flattened blade (i)Cross-section of lamina flat, plain inherited by family Araceae: flattened blade
common leaf (i)Green, often divided in blade and petiole
example: Cotoneaster
inherited by family Araceae: common leaf
with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves
Leaf arrangement: (i)Arrangement of leaves at the stem.alternate (i)One leaf per node; distiche: arranged in two vertical rows, equitant
example: Phragmites
inherited by family Araceae: alternate
Shape of blade: (i)Easy for simple leaves. In compound leaves use the general shape of leaflet. Always check the ground for largest leaves of a plant. To be worked out: how to handle pinnate leaves?linear incl.grasslike or oblong (i)Leaves more than two times longer than broad with more or less parallel margins; see character: stipule for ligula
example: Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Poaceae, Scutellaria scordifolia, Pinus
inherited by family Araceae: linear incl.grasslike or oblong
Length of leaves: (i)How long is the leaf, be carefull in compound leaves, measure the complete leaf. more than 50 mm inherited by family Araceae:
Width of leaves: (i)How broad is the leaf, be carefull in compound leaves, measure the complete leaf.5-10 mm
1-3 cm
Leaf apex: (i)Appearance of the tip of leaf resp. leaflets in compound leaves.acuminate (i)Gradually tapering to a (sharp) point
example: Populus laurifolia?

Leaf margin: (i)Structure of leaf margin (or that of a leaflet in case of compound leaves). Attention: Here we ask for the leaf margin, defined as all those dissections that separate the leaf for less than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. To be worked out: how to handle margin of pinnate leaves?entire (i)Plain margin, not toothed
example: Iris
inherited by family Araceae: entire
Petiole: (i)Leaf divided into stalk (petiole) and blade.without (i)Leaves without petiole (stalk), sessile
example: Poaceae, Iris
inherited by family Araceae: without
Stipule: (i)Leaflets at the base of the petiole, these are smaller and of different shape.none (i)Without stipules
example: Euphorbia, Ericaceae s.l.
inherited by family Araceae: none
Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf.parallel (i)Most veins arranged parallel to the length of leaf, mostly no pronounced main vein (usually in elongate to linear leaves)
example: Most Monocotyledonae, Plantago, Veratrum, a lot of Caryophyllaceae looks like that.
inherited by family Araceae: parallel
Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower.not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants (i)Small, colourless or green flowers
example: Betula, grasslike plants: Carex, Setaria, Juncus
inherited by family Araceae: not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants
Flower colour: (i)Attention: assess colour of the most colourful parts of the flower, but not of the stamens; be aware of single plants with a mutation (mostly white) on flower colour.greenish (i)petals absent or not distinctly different from colours of leaves, only stigmas (white) or anthers (yellow) may differ in color
example: Chenopodium, Triglochin
inherited by family Araceae: greenish
Perianth arrangement: (i)Attention: in some plants, flowers may be dimorphic in different ways (dioecious or gynodioecious). If flowers vary, record the characters of the most showy flowers.simple, similar (i)Only one type of perianth leaves (tepals)
example: Tulipa
inherited by family Araceae: simple, similar
Diameter of flower: (i)Diameter of flower or flower head. to 5 mm (i)
example: Aruncus
inherited by family Araceae:
Flower symmetry: (i)Symmetry of the perianth leaves. Attention: to assess this character, look on sepals, petals and stamens, but neglect carpels and ovary.radiary, regular (actinomorphic) (i)More than two axis of symmetry
example: Saxifraga: 5; Iris: 3
inherited by family Araceae: radiary, regular (actinomorphic)
Petal / Tepal number: (i)Number of petal leaves (inner perianth leaves, usually coloured).6 (i)
example: Allium, Lilium, Dactylorhiza
inherited by family Araceae: 6
Petal / Tepal fusion: (i)To which degree are the petal leaves connected? Petals sympetalous.free (i)all petal leaves separate from each other
example: Anthriscus
inherited by family Araceae: free
Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar.no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum
inherited by family Araceae: no spur
Stamen number: (i)Attention: We ask for the reproductive organs of the flower dispersing pollen. Count only fully fertile stamens, not staminodia (e.g. Parnassia).6 (i)
example: Veratrum, Smelowskia, Juncus
inherited by family Araceae: 6
Stamen fusion: (i)To which degree are the stamens fused? Attention: Whereas the pollen sacs itself are often free., their stalks (filaments) may be fused. Here, we count them as fused if they are together over at least one thirth of their length.free (i)Stamens with separate bases
example: Malus
inherited by family Araceae: free
Pistil number: (i)Number of pistils (female floral organs: style, if developed; stigma and carpels/ovary together build the pistil).1 (i)One carpel, but clearly one stigma
example: Pyrola, Primula, Alyssum
inherited by family Araceae: 1
Carpel fusion: (i)To which degree are the carpels (modified leaf forming simple pistil or part of a compound pistil) fused.fused (i)Carpels united into an ovary, only styles are free
example: Malus, Berberis
inherited by family Araceae: fused
Style number: (i)Portion of the pistil connecting the stigma to the ovary.without (i)Without style, stigma sessile on the carpel
example: Acorus calamus
inherited by family Araceae: without
Ovary position: (i)For entirely or partly fused carpels, describe their position in relation to the insertion point of perianth leaves (best done by doing a longitudinal section of a flower).superior (hypogynous) (i)Base of carpels attached above insertion point of perianth leaves, carpels free or fused
example: Delphinium, Anemone

Sex: (i)Distribution of male and female organs among flowers, only most commonly cases.bisexual, hermaphrodite (i)All or nearly all flowers of a plant with male and female parts
example: Haplophyllum, Chenopodium

Inflorescence (i)flowering part of a plant, describes the arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis
Inflorescence: (i)Structure of the inflorescence.Flowers in inflorescence (i)No solitary flowers inherited by family Araceae: Flowers in inflorescence
Simple inflorescences (i)Flowers sessile on a main shoot or on short to long not branched side shoots
example: Polygonum bistorta
inherited by family Araceae: Simple inflorescences
Appearance: (i)Outer look of the inflorescence.terminal (i)Inflorescence is the highest point of the plant and may consist of a single flower only
example: Cypripedium, Rhaponticum, Ligularia sibirica, Echinops
inherited by family Araceae: terminal
Inflorescence type: (i)Types of inflorescence. Attention: We here ask for the botanical nomenclature of inflorescences, which is sufficiently complicated. Tick only, if you are certain, or tick all inflorescence types that appear similar of these of the plant in question.spike (spadix) (i)All flowers sessile and crowded along a main axis, there may be several spikes on a shoot; sometimes axis thickened (spadix)
example: Plantago, Carex vesicaria, Vicia, Typha (spadix)

Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination.
Consistency: (i)Fleshy fruits or dry fruits, see dispersal adaptations for further classification.fleshy (i)Usually non dehiscent; with a fleshy (swollen because of a high water content) outer shell, flesh edible at least for animals
example: Prunus, Amygdalus, Malus

Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp).Indehiscent fruits
Solitary fruits (i)
berry (i)Fleshy fruit with several to many seeds in the flesh
example: Tomato

Opening of fruit: (i)Mode of dehiscence at maturity to release seeds.not opening / indehiscent (i)Fruits remain closed at maturity and disperse with seeds inside
example: Corylus (nut), Vaccinium (berry)

Hairs
Has hairs?:no hairs, glabrous inherited by family Araceae: no hairs, glabrous
Shoot/Stem (i)a young stem or branch
Spines, thorns or prickles: (i)Shoot with conspicuous spines, thorns or prickles.absent (i)Stem glabrous or hairy, but never with spines, thornes or prickles
example: Gentiana barbata
inherited by family Araceae: absent
Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves
Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots.homorhizous (i)Many equal roots
example: Monocotyledonae
inherited by order Alismatales: homorhizous
Runners: (i)Plant must be excavated; shoots, subterranean shoots connected by runners.long root suckers or rhizomes (i)Plants grow new shoots from roots or subterranean shoots, called rhizomes, these spacing stems apart
example: Hippophae, Artemisia sericea
inherited by family Araceae: long root suckers or rhizomes
Storage in below-ground structures: (i)Rhizomes or bulbs.storage rhizomes (i)Horizontal, root like structures with scale leaves or their scars, these clearly thicker than the bases of above-ground shoots
example: Petasites, Iris
inherited by family Araceae: storage rhizomes
Distribution (i)region where the plant is likely to be found
Distribution (Veg. Zones): (i)acc. to Grubov 1952Khangai (i)In distribution data often named as '3'
Mongol-Daurian (i)In distribution data often named as '4'
Great Khingan (i)In distribution data often named as '5'
East Mongolia (i)In distribution data often named as '9'
acc. to: Gubanov 1996
Distribution Khangay: (i)acc. Flora Khangaya 1989IV
Plant Use
Medical Plant Use: (i)Only if plant is used as medical plantParts used: rhizome (i)Parts of Plants used in medicine
Ingredients: essential oil (camphor, camphene, borneol,pinene, asarone, eugenol…), bitter glycoside-acorin, vitamins C, B, tannins (i)Medically effective ingredients
Use: as an aromatic stomachic and bitter spicy remedy, applied to treat hyporexia and indigestion, gastroenteritis, gastralgia, treatment of stomache ulcer, stimulant for central nervous system and expectorant (i)Medical use in eastern and western medicine
acc. to: Ligaa et al. 2009
General Use:medical plant
Plant Status
Red list status: (i)Rare Mongolian plantsvery rare (Shiirevdamba 2007) (i)Very rare plant