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Class:angiosperms
Order:Poales
Family:Juncaceae
Genus:Luzula
Scientific name: Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej.
Name acc. to:Gubanov 1996, not in Grubov 1982/2001
Link to Flora of China:http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2&name_str=Luzula+multiflora
open map in a new windowtaxon distribution for Luzula multiflora acc. to Geobotanical Regions of Mongolia by Grubov (1955)
Habitat:Forest and ravine margins, mountain valleys, wet stream banks, grasslands on slopes and in high mountains; 1900--3600 m (Flora of China, Vol. 24, 2000).
Habit (i)general appearance of a plant
Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber.herb (i)Herbaceous, erect plant, up to 2m high, mostly with a leafy shoot; if perennial, shoots die to the ground each season, shoots are not woody
example: Artemisia pectinata
inherited by family Juncaceae: herb
perennial (i)Living for several to many years, as opposed to annual and biennial inherited by family Juncaceae: perennial
Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite?no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus
inherited by family Juncaceae: no parasite/saprophyte
Water or terrestrial plant: (i)Where do the plants grow?terrestrial (i)Plant grows on dry land
example: Orostachys spinosa
inherited by genus Luzula: terrestrial
Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades)
Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves.flattened blade (i)Cross-section of lamina flat, plain inherited by genus Luzula: flattened blade
common leaf (i)Green, often divided in blade and petiole
example: Cotoneaster
inherited by genus Luzula: common leaf
with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves inherited by family Juncaceae: with green leaves inherited by genus Luzula: with green leaves
Leaf arrangement: (i)Arrangement of leaves at the stem.alternate (i)One leaf per node; distiche: arranged in two vertical rows, equitant
example: Phragmites
inherited by family Juncaceae: alternate
Simple or divided leaves: (i)Are the leaves simple or completely divided in several parts? Blade of the leaf entire or (more or less) deeply dissected. Attention: There are various appearances of the leaf margin (from entire to toothed and lobed). Here, we ignore this and ask only for dissections that separate the leaf for more than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. Sometimes, it is difficult to tell apart compound leaves from a shoot system with simple leaves: look for stipulae and/or axillary buds at the ground of the leaves: if only some possess these structures, the others are most likely leaflets of a compound leaf.simple (i)Non-divided leaf, but margin may be incised nearly to the ground inherited by order Poales: simple
Shape of blade: (i)Easy for simple leaves. In compound leaves use the general shape of leaflet. Always check the ground for largest leaves of a plant. To be worked out: how to handle pinnate leaves?linear incl.grasslike or oblong (i)Leaves more than two times longer than broad with more or less parallel margins; see character: stipule for ligula
example: Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Poaceae, Scutellaria scordifolia, Pinus
inherited by family Juncaceae: linear incl.grasslike or oblong
Leaf apex: (i)Appearance of the tip of leaf resp. leaflets in compound leaves.acuminate (i)Gradually tapering to a (sharp) point
example: Populus laurifolia?
inherited by genus Luzula: acuminate
Leaf margin: (i)Structure of leaf margin (or that of a leaflet in case of compound leaves). Attention: Here we ask for the leaf margin, defined as all those dissections that separate the leaf for less than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. To be worked out: how to handle margin of pinnate leaves?entire (i)Plain margin, not toothed
example: Iris
inherited by order Poales: entire
Petiole: (i)Leaf divided into stalk (petiole) and blade.without (i)Leaves without petiole (stalk), sessile
example: Poaceae, Iris
inherited by family Juncaceae: without
Stipule: (i)Leaflets at the base of the petiole, these are smaller and of different shape.none (i)Without stipules
example: Euphorbia, Ericaceae s.l.
inherited by family Juncaceae: none
Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf.parallel (i)Most veins arranged parallel to the length of leaf, mostly no pronounced main vein (usually in elongate to linear leaves)
example: Most Monocotyledonae, Plantago, Veratrum, a lot of Caryophyllaceae looks like that.
inherited by order Poales: parallel
Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower.not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants (i)Small, colourless or green flowers
example: Betula, grasslike plants: Carex, Setaria, Juncus
inherited by family Juncaceae: not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants
Perianth arrangement: (i)Attention: in some plants, flowers may be dimorphic in different ways (dioecious or gynodioecious). If flowers vary, record the characters of the most showy flowers.simple, similar (i)Only one type of perianth leaves (tepals)
example: Tulipa
inherited by family Juncaceae: simple, similar
Diameter of flower: (i)Diameter of flower or flower head. to 5 mm (i)
example: Aruncus
inherited by family Juncaceae:
Length of flower: (i)For zygomorphic flowers only, instead of diameter of flower. to 10 mm inherited by genus Luzula:
Flower symmetry: (i)Symmetry of the perianth leaves. Attention: to assess this character, look on sepals, petals and stamens, but neglect carpels and ovary.radiary, regular (actinomorphic) (i)More than two axis of symmetry
example: Saxifraga: 5; Iris: 3
inherited by family Juncaceae: radiary, regular (actinomorphic)
Flower form: (i)common forms of flowers ? Veronicasimple (flat) - Do not confuse with inflorescences as in some Asteraceae (i)Petals spread out, flower appearing flat
example: Mollugo, Trientalis, Pulsatilla, Saxifraga
inherited by family Juncaceae: simple (flat) - Do not confuse with inflorescences as in some Asteraceae
Petal / Tepal number: (i)Number of petal leaves (inner perianth leaves, usually coloured).6 (i)
example: Allium, Lilium, Dactylorhiza
inherited by family Juncaceae: 6
Petal / Tepal fusion: (i)To which degree are the petal leaves connected? Petals sympetalous.free (i)all petal leaves separate from each other
example: Anthriscus
inherited by family Juncaceae: free
Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar.no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum
inherited by family Juncaceae: no spur
Stamen number: (i)Attention: We ask for the reproductive organs of the flower dispersing pollen. Count only fully fertile stamens, not staminodia (e.g. Parnassia).6 (i)
example: Veratrum, Smelowskia, Juncus
inherited by family Juncaceae: 6
Stamen fusion: (i)To which degree are the stamens fused? Attention: Whereas the pollen sacs itself are often free., their stalks (filaments) may be fused. Here, we count them as fused if they are together over at least one thirth of their length.free (i)Stamens with separate bases
example: Malus
inherited by family Juncaceae: free
Pistil number: (i)Number of pistils (female floral organs: style, if developed; stigma and carpels/ovary together build the pistil).1 (i)One carpel, but clearly one stigma
example: Pyrola, Primula, Alyssum
inherited by family Juncaceae: 1
Carpel number: (i)Number of carpels (carpel: forming a simple pistil or part of a compound pistil, modified leaf).3 inherited by family Juncaceae: 3
Carpel fusion: (i)To which degree are the carpels (modified leaf forming simple pistil or part of a compound pistil) fused.fused (i)Carpels united into an ovary, only styles are free
example: Malus, Berberis
inherited by family Juncaceae: fused
Style number: (i)Portion of the pistil connecting the stigma to the ovary.1 inherited by family Juncaceae: 1
Stigma number per style: (i)Number of stigmas per style.3 (i)Three stigmas, resulting from three fused carpels with or without develped style inherited by family Juncaceae: 3
Ovary position: (i)For entirely or partly fused carpels, describe their position in relation to the insertion point of perianth leaves (best done by doing a longitudinal section of a flower).superior (hypogynous) (i)Base of carpels attached above insertion point of perianth leaves, carpels free or fused
example: Delphinium, Anemone
inherited by family Juncaceae: superior (hypogynous)
Sex: (i)Distribution of male and female organs among flowers, only most commonly cases.bisexual, hermaphrodite (i)All or nearly all flowers of a plant with male and female parts
example: Haplophyllum, Chenopodium
inherited by family Juncaceae: bisexual, hermaphrodite
Inflorescence (i)flowering part of a plant, describes the arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis
Inflorescence: (i)Structure of the inflorescence.Flowers in inflorescence (i)No solitary flowers inherited by family Juncaceae: Flowers in inflorescence
Compound inflorescences (i)Flowers on shoots of higher orders (complex branched)
example: Solidago
inherited by family Juncaceae: Compound inflorescences
Appearance: (i)Outer look of the inflorescence.terminal (i)Inflorescence is the highest point of the plant and may consist of a single flower only
example: Cypripedium, Rhaponticum, Ligularia sibirica, Echinops
inherited by family Juncaceae: terminal
Inflorescence type: (i)Types of inflorescence. Attention: We here ask for the botanical nomenclature of inflorescences, which is sufficiently complicated. Tick only, if you are certain, or tick all inflorescence types that appear similar of these of the plant in question.cyme (i)A branched inflorescence, where the main shoot soon ends in a flower, being overtopped by one ore more shoots; attention: the flowers are often very crowded and the type difficult to identify (Lamiaceae)
example: Lamiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Mollugo cerviana, Panzerina
inherited by family Juncaceae: cyme
others (in traits_comments nicht aufgeführt) (i)Not as above
example: Sparganium: globose capitate
inherited by family Juncaceae: others (in traits_comments nicht aufgeführt)
Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination.
Consistency: (i)Fleshy fruits or dry fruits, see dispersal adaptations for further classification.dry (i)With a dry outer shell, no fleshy parts, but seed (embryo) could be edible inherited by family Juncaceae: dry
Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp).Solitary fruits (i) inherited by family Juncaceae: Solitary fruits
capsule (i)Dry dehiscent fruit, releasing seeds by slits or holes.
example: Poppy, most Caryophyllaceae, Cerastium, a lot of Scrophulariaceae, Iris (oppened capsule looks like Delphinium), Zygophyllum - it is a very common fruit type
inherited by family Juncaceae: capsule
Dehiscent fruits (i)Fruits open along a longitudinale line (except silicula) inherited by family Juncaceae: Dehiscent fruits
Opening of fruit: (i)Mode of dehiscence at maturity to release seeds.opening / dehiscent (i)Dry? Fruits opening with different types inherited by family Juncaceae: opening / dehiscent
Size of fruit: (i)Size of the fruit including appendage. to 5 mm (i)
example: Halerpestes: many folicles forming dry nutlets
inherited by family Juncaceae:
Dispersal: (i)Appearance of fruit or seed (if single) and adaptations to dispersal.Otherwise (i)All parts dry, no conspicuous adaptations inherited by family Juncaceae: Otherwise
Seed number: (i)Estimate the number of seeds per fruit, if recognizable seeds are in the fruit (in rare cases a fruit may contain one seeded nuts: rose hip, carex).2-6 (i)2-6 single seeds, well recognizable
example: Crataegus: few-seeded berry
inherited by genus Luzula: 2-6
Hairs
Has hairs?:has hairs inherited by genus Luzula: has hairs
Hairs: (i)Appearance, structure, coverage of hairs on plant.on leaf (i)Hairs on upper side, lower side or on margin of leaf inherited by genus Luzula: on leaf
Shoot/Stem (i)a young stem or branch
Cross section: (i)Shape of the cross section of a stem or shoot (look at first to second year shoots).round (i)Stem or shoot round
example: Allium
inherited by family Juncaceae: round
flattened (i)Stem or shoot laterally compressed inherited by family Juncaceae: flattened
Spines, thorns or prickles: (i)Shoot with conspicuous spines, thorns or prickles.absent (i)Stem glabrous or hairy, but never with spines, thornes or prickles
example: Gentiana barbata
inherited by family Juncaceae: absent
Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves
Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots.homorhizous (i)Many equal roots
example: Monocotyledonae
inherited by order Poales: homorhizous
Runners: (i)Plant must be excavated; shoots, subterranean shoots connected by runners.short rhizoms (tussocks) (i)Plants grow new shoots immediately beside the old ones, forming dense clusters, called tussocks
example: Stipa
inherited by genus Luzula: short rhizoms (tussocks)
Distribution (i)region where the plant is likely to be found
Distribution (Veg. Zones): (i)acc. to Grubov 1952Khangai (i)In distribution data often named as '3'
acc. to: Gubanov 1996
Distribution Khangay: (i)acc. Flora Khangaya 1989II