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Class:angiosperms
Order:Malpighiales
Family:Euphorbiaceae
Genus:Euphorbia
Scientific name: Euphorbia mandshurica Maxim.
Name acc. to:Gubanov 1996
Herbar:list records    scans available    
open map in a new windowtaxon distribution for Euphorbia mandshurica acc. to Geobotanical Regions of Mongolia by Grubov (1955)
Habitat:Forb-grass sandy steppes (Grubov 2001)
Habit (i)general appearance of a plant
Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber.herb (i)Herbaceous, erect plant, up to 2m high, mostly with a leafy shoot; if perennial, shoots die to the ground each season, shoots are not woody
example: Artemisia pectinata
inherited by genus Euphorbia: herb
Smell & Touch: (i)General appearance of the plant.abundant milky juice (latex) (i)Shoots and often leaves contain white or yellowish latex
example: Asclepiadaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lactuca tatarica
inherited by genus Euphorbia: abundant milky juice (latex)
Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite?no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: no parasite/saprophyte
Water or terrestrial plant: (i)Where do the plants grow?terrestrial (i)Plant grows on dry land
example: Orostachys spinosa
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: terrestrial
Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades)
Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves.with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: with green leaves
Leaf arrangement: (i)Arrangement of leaves at the stem.opposite, opposite-decussate (i)Two leaves per node
example: Lamiaceae, e.g. Phlomis
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: opposite, opposite-decussate
alternate (i)One leaf per node; distiche: arranged in two vertical rows, equitant
example: Phragmites
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: alternate
Simple or divided leaves: (i)Are the leaves simple or completely divided in several parts? Blade of the leaf entire or (more or less) deeply dissected. Attention: There are various appearances of the leaf margin (from entire to toothed and lobed). Here, we ignore this and ask only for dissections that separate the leaf for more than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. Sometimes, it is difficult to tell apart compound leaves from a shoot system with simple leaves: look for stipulae and/or axillary buds at the ground of the leaves: if only some possess these structures, the others are most likely leaflets of a compound leaf.simple (i)Non-divided leaf, but margin may be incised nearly to the ground inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: simple
Leaf margin: (i)Structure of leaf margin (or that of a leaflet in case of compound leaves). Attention: Here we ask for the leaf margin, defined as all those dissections that separate the leaf for less than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. To be worked out: how to handle margin of pinnate leaves?entire (i)Plain margin, not toothed
example: Iris
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: entire inherited by genus Euphorbia: entire
Stipule: (i)Leaflets at the base of the petiole, these are smaller and of different shape.none (i)Without stipules
example: Euphorbia, Ericaceae s.l.
inherited by genus Euphorbia: none
Leaf colour upper side: (i)Shades of green on the leaf, upper side.green (i)Clear green
example: Tribulus terrestris
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: green
Leaf colour lower side: (i)Shades of green on the leaf, lower side.green (i)Clear green, in most species
example: Angelica decurrens
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: green
Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf.pinnate (i)One main vein, several side veins, sometimes inconspicuous
example: Cicerbita
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: pinnate
Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower.not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants (i)Small, colourless or green flowers
example: Betula, grasslike plants: Carex, Setaria, Juncus
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants
Flower colour: (i)Attention: assess colour of the most colourful parts of the flower, but not of the stamens; be aware of single plants with a mutation (mostly white) on flower colour.greenish (i)petals absent or not distinctly different from colours of leaves, only stigmas (white) or anthers (yellow) may differ in color
example: Chenopodium, Triglochin
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: greenish
yellow to orange (i)Pale to golden yellow
example: Ranunculus, Crepis
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: yellow to orange
Perianth arrangement: (i)Attention: in some plants, flowers may be dimorphic in different ways (dioecious or gynodioecious). If flowers vary, record the characters of the most showy flowers.absent or strongly reduced (i)No perianth leaves ensheathing stamen and/or carpels
example: Callitriche
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: absent or strongly reduced inherited by genus Euphorbia: absent or strongly reduced
Sepal number: (i)Number of sepal leaves (outer perianth leaves, calyx leaves, mostly greenish). Attention, this character applies only for flowers separated in sepals and petals, thus excluding most monocots. Be aware of the bracts (involucral leaves) of Asteraceae flowerheads, do not qualify these as sepals! Be also aware in Rosaceae is often an epicalyx developed, in this case count all parts.none or rudimentary (i)Hardly visible or absent, since perianth uniform
example: All monocots with uniform perianth, many Asteraceae and Apiaceae
inherited by genus Euphorbia: none or rudimentary
Petal / Tepal number: (i)Number of petal leaves (inner perianth leaves, usually coloured).none or reduced (i)But green sepals may exist
example: Thalictrum
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: none or reduced inherited by genus Euphorbia: none or reduced
Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar.no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: no spur
Stamen number: (i)Attention: We ask for the reproductive organs of the flower dispersing pollen. Count only fully fertile stamens, not staminodia (e.g. Parnassia).1 (i)
example: Orchis
inherited by genus Euphorbia: 1
Pistil number: (i)Number of pistils (female floral organs: style, if developed; stigma and carpels/ovary together build the pistil).3 (i)Three stigmas, usually in a triangle
example: Stellaria, Euphorbia, Campanula, Allium
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: 3
Carpel fusion: (i)To which degree are the carpels (modified leaf forming simple pistil or part of a compound pistil) fused.fused (i)Carpels united into an ovary, only styles are free
example: Malus, Berberis
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: fused
Style number: (i)Portion of the pistil connecting the stigma to the ovary.3 inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: 3
Ovary position: (i)For entirely or partly fused carpels, describe their position in relation to the insertion point of perianth leaves (best done by doing a longitudinal section of a flower).superior (hypogynous) (i)Base of carpels attached above insertion point of perianth leaves, carpels free or fused
example: Delphinium, Anemone
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: superior (hypogynous)
Sex: (i)Distribution of male and female organs among flowers, only most commonly cases.unisexual (i)
example: Rhodiola
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: unisexual inherited by genus Euphorbia: unisexual
monoecious (i)Male and female flowers at the same plant
example: Xanthium, Larix, Atriplex
inherited by genus Euphorbia: monoecious
Inflorescence (i)flowering part of a plant, describes the arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis
Inflorescence: (i)Structure of the inflorescence.Flowers in inflorescence (i)No solitary flowers inherited by genus Euphorbia: Flowers in inflorescence
Compound inflorescences (i)Flowers on shoots of higher orders (complex branched)
example: Solidago
inherited by genus Euphorbia: Compound inflorescences
Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination.
Consistency: (i)Fleshy fruits or dry fruits, see dispersal adaptations for further classification.dry (i)With a dry outer shell, no fleshy parts, but seed (embryo) could be edible inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: dry
Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp).Solitary fruits (i) inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: Solitary fruits
capsule (i)Dry dehiscent fruit, releasing seeds by slits or holes.
example: Poppy, most Caryophyllaceae, Cerastium, a lot of Scrophulariaceae, Iris (oppened capsule looks like Delphinium), Zygophyllum - it is a very common fruit type
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: capsule
Dehiscent fruits (i)Fruits open along a longitudinale line (except silicula) inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: Dehiscent fruits
Opening of fruit: (i)Mode of dehiscence at maturity to release seeds.opening along dehiscent line (i)Opening along a preformed line
example: Vicia, Lathyrus: pods
inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: opening along dehiscent line
opening / dehiscent (i)Dry? Fruits opening with different types inherited by family Euphorbiaceae: opening / dehiscent
Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves
Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots.allorhizous (i)Plant with a conspicuous tap root, one larger tap root with side roots
example: Dicotyledonae
inherited by order Malpighiales: allorhizous
roots unequal in diam. (allorhizous) (i)Plant with many roots, but these differ in size and grow scattered along a root stock or a rhizome
example: Euphorbia
inherited by genus Euphorbia: roots unequal in diam. (allorhizous)
Distribution (i)region where the plant is likely to be found
Distribution (Veg. Zones): (i)acc. to Grubov 1952Great Khingan (i)In distribution data often named as '5'
East Mongolia (i)In distribution data often named as '9'
acc. to: Gubanov 1996