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Class:angiosperms
Order:Rosales
Family:Rhamnaceae
Genus:Rhamnus
Scientific name: Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge
Name acc. to:Gubanov 1996
Herbar:list records    scans available    
Description:Small rigid thorny shrub. Leaf blades compact, 1-3 cm long.
Comments:This species is variable in leaf shape.
Link to Flora of China:http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2&name_str=Rhamnus+parvifolia
open map in a new windowtaxon distribution for Rhamnus parvifolia acc. to Geobotanical Regions of Mongolia by Grubov (1955)
Habitat:Rocks and steep stony slopes (Grubov 2001).
Habit (i)general appearance of a plant
Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber.shrub, subshrub or semishrub (i)Shrub, multi-stemmed, mostly (0.2) 0.5 - 5 m high, shoots woody up to the tip
example: Caragana leucophloea
inherited by genus Rhamnus: shrub, subshrub or semishrub
Size of plant: (i)Attention: use flowering or fruiting specimens to assess plant height (many biennial plants possess only a basal rosette in the first year). from 1000 mm to 3000 mm inherited by genus Rhamnus:
more than 3000 mm inherited by genus Rhamnus:
Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite?no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus
inherited by family Rhamnaceae: no parasite/saprophyte
Water or terrestrial plant: (i)Where do the plants grow?terrestrial (i)Plant grows on dry land
example: Orostachys spinosa
inherited by genus Rhamnus: terrestrial
Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades)
Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves.with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves inherited by genus Rhamnus: with green leaves
Leaf arrangement: (i)Arrangement of leaves at the stem.opposite, opposite-decussate (i)Two leaves per node
example: Lamiaceae, e.g. Phlomis
inherited by genus Rhamnus: opposite, opposite-decussate
Simple or divided leaves: (i)Are the leaves simple or completely divided in several parts? Blade of the leaf entire or (more or less) deeply dissected. Attention: There are various appearances of the leaf margin (from entire to toothed and lobed). Here, we ignore this and ask only for dissections that separate the leaf for more than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. Sometimes, it is difficult to tell apart compound leaves from a shoot system with simple leaves: look for stipulae and/or axillary buds at the ground of the leaves: if only some possess these structures, the others are most likely leaflets of a compound leaf.simple (i)Non-divided leaf, but margin may be incised nearly to the ground inherited by genus Rhamnus: simple
Shape of blade: (i)Easy for simple leaves. In compound leaves use the general shape of leaflet. Always check the ground for largest leaves of a plant. To be worked out: how to handle pinnate leaves?elliptic (including ovate and obovate) (i)Elliptic: broadest at the middle and narrower at the two equal ends; ovate: egg-shaped, attached at the broad end; obovate: attached at the narrower end
example: Limosella aquatica
inherited by genus Rhamnus: elliptic (including ovate and obovate)
Length of leaves: (i)How long is the leaf, be carefull in compound leaves, measure the complete leaf. from 21 mm to 50 mm inherited by genus Rhamnus:
more than 50 mm inherited by genus Rhamnus:
Leaf apex: (i)Appearance of the tip of leaf resp. leaflets in compound leaves.acuminate (i)Gradually tapering to a (sharp) point
example: Populus laurifolia?
inherited by genus Rhamnus: acuminate
Leaf margin: (i)Structure of leaf margin (or that of a leaflet in case of compound leaves). Attention: Here we ask for the leaf margin, defined as all those dissections that separate the leaf for less than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. To be worked out: how to handle margin of pinnate leaves?serrate / dentate / crenulate (i)Margin saw-like or rounded teethed
example: Betula, Lophanthus (crenulate)
inherited by genus Rhamnus: serrate / dentate / crenulate
Petiole: (i)Leaf divided into stalk (petiole) and blade.with (i)Leaves with petiole (stalk) inherited by genus Rhamnus: with
shorter than blade (i)Petiol shorter than leaf blade inherited by genus Rhamnus: shorter than blade
Stipule: (i)Leaflets at the base of the petiole, these are smaller and of different shape.pair (i)A pair of free stipulae
example: Lathyrus, Trifolium
inherited by genus Rhamnus: pair
Leaf colour upper side: (i)Shades of green on the leaf, upper side.green (i)Clear green
example: Tribulus terrestris
inherited by genus Rhamnus: green
Leaf colour lower side: (i)Shades of green on the leaf, lower side.green (i)Clear green, in most species
example: Angelica decurrens
inherited by genus Rhamnus: green
Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf.pinnate (i)One main vein, several side veins, sometimes inconspicuous
example: Cicerbita
inherited by family Rhamnaceae: pinnate
Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower.attractive, animal-pollinated (i)attractive and coloured flowers, mostly large, attracting surely animals
example: Trollius, Rosa, Chamaerhodos
inherited by genus Rhamnus: attractive, animal-pollinated
Flower colour: (i)Attention: assess colour of the most colourful parts of the flower, but not of the stamens; be aware of single plants with a mutation (mostly white) on flower colour.greenish (i)petals absent or not distinctly different from colours of leaves, only stigmas (white) or anthers (yellow) may differ in color
example: Chenopodium, Triglochin
inherited by genus Rhamnus: greenish
Diameter of flower: (i)Diameter of flower or flower head. to 5 mm (i)
example: Aruncus
inherited by genus Rhamnus:
Flower symmetry: (i)Symmetry of the perianth leaves. Attention: to assess this character, look on sepals, petals and stamens, but neglect carpels and ovary.radiary, regular (actinomorphic) (i)More than two axis of symmetry
example: Saxifraga: 5; Iris: 3
inherited by genus Rhamnus: radiary, regular (actinomorphic)
Flower form: (i)common forms of flowers ? Veronicasimple (flat) - Do not confuse with inflorescences as in some Asteraceae (i)Petals spread out, flower appearing flat
example: Mollugo, Trientalis, Pulsatilla, Saxifraga
inherited by genus Rhamnus: simple (flat) - Do not confuse with inflorescences as in some Asteraceae
Sepal number: (i)Number of sepal leaves (outer perianth leaves, calyx leaves, mostly greenish). Attention, this character applies only for flowers separated in sepals and petals, thus excluding most monocots. Be aware of the bracts (involucral leaves) of Asteraceae flowerheads, do not qualify these as sepals! Be also aware in Rosaceae is often an epicalyx developed, in this case count all parts.4 (i)
example: Sinapis
inherited by genus Rhamnus: 4
Petal / Tepal number: (i)Number of petal leaves (inner perianth leaves, usually coloured).4 (i)
example: Galium
inherited by genus Rhamnus: 4
Petal / Tepal fusion: (i)To which degree are the petal leaves connected? Petals sympetalous.free (i)all petal leaves separate from each other
example: Anthriscus
inherited by genus Rhamnus: free
Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar.no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum
inherited by family Rhamnaceae: no spur
Stamen number: (i)Attention: We ask for the reproductive organs of the flower dispersing pollen. Count only fully fertile stamens, not staminodia (e.g. Parnassia).4 (i)Extremely rare, may be absent
example: Plantago
inherited by genus Rhamnus: 4
Stamen fusion: (i)To which degree are the stamens fused? Attention: Whereas the pollen sacs itself are often free., their stalks (filaments) may be fused. Here, we count them as fused if they are together over at least one thirth of their length.free (i)Stamens with separate bases
example: Malus
inherited by genus Rhamnus: free
Pistil number: (i)Number of pistils (female floral organs: style, if developed; stigma and carpels/ovary together build the pistil).1 (i)One carpel, but clearly one stigma
example: Pyrola, Primula, Alyssum
inherited by genus Rhamnus: 1
Carpel fusion: (i)To which degree are the carpels (modified leaf forming simple pistil or part of a compound pistil) fused.fused (i)Carpels united into an ovary, only styles are free
example: Malus, Berberis
inherited by genus Rhamnus: fused
Style number: (i)Portion of the pistil connecting the stigma to the ovary.1 inherited by genus Rhamnus: 1
Ovary position: (i)For entirely or partly fused carpels, describe their position in relation to the insertion point of perianth leaves (best done by doing a longitudinal section of a flower).superior (hypogynous) (i)Base of carpels attached above insertion point of perianth leaves, carpels free or fused
example: Delphinium, Anemone
inherited by genus Rhamnus: superior (hypogynous)
Sex: (i)Distribution of male and female organs among flowers, only most commonly cases.unisexual (i)
example: Rhodiola
inherited by genus Rhamnus: unisexual
dioecious (i)Male and female flowers at different individuals
example: Antennaria
inherited by genus Rhamnus: dioecious
Inflorescence (i)flowering part of a plant, describes the arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis
Inflorescence: (i)Structure of the inflorescence.Flowers in inflorescence (i)No solitary flowers inherited by genus Rhamnus: Flowers in inflorescence
Simple inflorescences (i)Flowers sessile on a main shoot or on short to long not branched side shoots
example: Polygonum bistorta
inherited by genus Rhamnus: Simple inflorescences
Appearance: (i)Outer look of the inflorescence.axillary (i)Usually several inflorescences in axillary shoots or single flowers in leaf axils, main shoot remains mostly leafy
example: Tragopogon, Aconogonon
inherited by genus Rhamnus: axillary
Inflorescence type: (i)Types of inflorescence. Attention: We here ask for the botanical nomenclature of inflorescences, which is sufficiently complicated. Tick only, if you are certain, or tick all inflorescence types that appear similar of these of the plant in question.others (in traits_comments nicht aufgeführt) (i)Not as above
example: Sparganium: globose capitate
inherited by genus Rhamnus: others (in traits_comments nicht aufgeführt)
Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination.
Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp).Indehiscent fruits inherited by genus Rhamnus: Indehiscent fruits
Solitary fruits (i) inherited by genus Rhamnus: Solitary fruits
drupe (stone fruit) (i)Fleshy, indehiscent fruit with a single, hard stone inside
example: Plum, cherry
inherited by genus Rhamnus: drupe (stone fruit)
Size of fruit: (i)Size of the fruit including appendage. to 5 mm (i)
example: Halerpestes: many folicles forming dry nutlets
inherited by genus Rhamnus:
from 5 mm to 10 mm (i)
example: Silene: small capsule opening with teeth
inherited by genus Rhamnus:
Seed number: (i)Estimate the number of seeds per fruit, if recognizable seeds are in the fruit (in rare cases a fruit may contain one seeded nuts: rose hip, carex).2-6 (i)2-6 single seeds, well recognizable
example: Crataegus: few-seeded berry
inherited by genus Rhamnus: 2-6
Shoot/Stem (i)a young stem or branch
Spines, thorns or prickles: (i)Shoot with conspicuous spines, thorns or prickles.spines or thornes (i)Sharp pointed woody structure originating from the plant (thornes derived from a reduced branch, spines from leaves)
example: Prunus spinosa no in Mongolia
inherited by genus Rhamnus: spines or thornes
Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves
Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots.allorhizous (i)Plant with a conspicuous tap root, one larger tap root with side roots
example: Dicotyledonae
inherited by order Rosales: allorhizous
Distribution (i)region where the plant is likely to be found
Distribution (Veg. Zones): (i)acc. to Grubov 1952Khentei (i)In distribution data often named as '2'
Mongol-Daurian (i)In distribution data often named as '4'
Great Khingan (i)In distribution data often named as '5'
East Mongolia (i)In distribution data often named as '9'
acc. to: Gubanov 1996