| Class: | angiosperms |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Elaeagnaceae |
| Genus: | Hippophae |
| Scientific name: | Hippophae rhamnoides L. |
| Name acc. to: | Gubanov 1996 |
| Herbar: | list records    |
| Description: | Many branched dioecious shrub, with thorny shoots, covered with silvery scales. Leaves simple, alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate, 25-50 x 3-7 mm, deciduous. Flowers axillary, unisexual, perianth bilobate, male flowers in small axillary spikes, female flowers 2-5, subsessile in axils of branchlets. Drupelike fruits orange, globose-oval, 5-8 mm long, glabrous, juicy. |
| Comments: | Female plants produce bright-orange "berries" with nutritive qualities. Because the fruit of this species are rich in vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids, it is used as a food and medicinal crop. 5 subspecies are mentioned for China, further three subspecies recognized from Europe and C and SW Asia.
See also: http://www.manfred-vesper.de/datei.php?did=215 [DE] and http://www.manfred-vesper.de/datei.php?did=274 [MON] |
| Link to Flora of China: | http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2&name_str=Hippophae+rhamnoides |
| open map in a new window |  |
| Habitat: | River banks and lake coasts, uremas, waterside pebbles, forest fringes, canyon slopes (Grubov 2001). |
| Habit (i)general appearance of a plant | |
| Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber. | shrub, subshrub or semishrub (i)Shrub, multi-stemmed, mostly (0.2) 0.5 - 5 m high, shoots woody up to the tip
example: Caragana leucophloea   inherited by genus Hippophae: shrub, subshrub or semishrub
tree (i)Woody plant with a clear main trunk, at least 2-3 m tall
example: Ulmus pumila  inherited by genus Hippophae: tree
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| Smell & Touch: (i)General appearance of the plant. | plant sticky to the touch (i)Surface of leaves and/or shoot covered with sticky glands
example: Lychnis viscaria, Drosera rotundifolia inherited by genus Hippophae: plant sticky to the touch
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| Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite? | no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: no parasite/saprophyte
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| Water or terrestrial plant: (i)Where do the plants grow? | terrestrial (i)Plant grows on dry land
example: Orostachys spinosa inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: terrestrial
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| Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades) | |
| Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves. | with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: with green leaves
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| Simple or divided leaves: (i)Are the leaves simple or completely divided in several parts? Blade of the leaf entire or (more or less) deeply dissected. Attention: There are various appearances of the leaf margin (from entire to toothed and lobed). Here, we ignore this and ask only for dissections that separate the leaf for more than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. Sometimes, it is difficult to tell apart compound leaves from a shoot system with simple leaves: look for stipulae and/or axillary buds at the ground of the leaves: if only some possess these structures, the others are most likely leaflets of a compound leaf. | simple (i)Non-divided leaf, but margin may be incised nearly to the ground  inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: simple
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| Shape of blade: (i)Easy for simple leaves. In compound leaves use the general shape of leaflet. Always check the ground for largest leaves of a plant. To be worked out: how to handle pinnate leaves? | linear incl.grasslike or oblong (i)Leaves more than two times longer than broad with more or less parallel margins; see character: stipule for ligula
example: Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Poaceae, Scutellaria scordifolia, Pinus  inherited by genus Hippophae: linear incl.grasslike or oblong
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| Length of leaves: (i)How long is the leaf, be carefull in compound leaves, measure the complete leaf. | more than 50 mm inherited by genus Hippophae:
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| Leaf margin: (i)Structure of leaf margin (or that of a leaflet in case of compound leaves). Attention: Here we ask for the leaf margin, defined as all those dissections that separate the leaf for less than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. To be worked out: how to handle margin of pinnate leaves? | entire (i)Plain margin, not toothed
example: Iris  inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: entire
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| Stipule: (i)Leaflets at the base of the petiole, these are smaller and of different shape. | none (i)Without stipules
example: Euphorbia, Ericaceae s.l. inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: none
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| Leaf colour upper side: (i)Shades of green on the leaf, upper side. | green (i)Clear green
example: Tribulus terrestris inherited by genus Hippophae: green
grayish (i)Grayish in colour due to hairs or a thick cuticula
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| Leaf colour lower side: (i)Shades of green on the leaf, lower side. | grayish (i)Grayish in colour due to hairs or a thick cuticula
example: Atriplex cana inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: grayish
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| Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf. | pinnate (i)One main vein, several side veins, sometimes inconspicuous
example: Cicerbita    inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: pinnate
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| Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils | |
| Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower. | not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants (i)Small, colourless or green flowers
example: Betula, grasslike plants: Carex, Setaria, Juncus inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants
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| Perianth arrangement: (i)Attention: in some plants, flowers may be dimorphic in different ways (dioecious or gynodioecious). If flowers vary, record the characters of the most showy flowers. | simple, similar (i)Only one type of perianth leaves (tepals)
example: Tulipa  inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: simple, similar
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| Diameter of flower: (i)Diameter of flower or flower head. | to 5 mm (i)
example: Aruncus inherited by family Elaeagnaceae:
from 5 mm to 10 mm (i)
example: Stellaria inherited by family Elaeagnaceae:
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| Flower symmetry: (i)Symmetry of the perianth leaves. Attention: to assess this character, look on sepals, petals and stamens, but neglect carpels and ovary. | radiary, regular (actinomorphic) (i)More than two axis of symmetry
example: Saxifraga: 5; Iris: 3  inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: radiary, regular (actinomorphic)
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| Petal / Tepal fusion: (i)To which degree are the petal leaves connected? Petals sympetalous. | free (i)all petal leaves separate from each other
example: Anthriscus inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: free
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| Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar. | no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: no spur
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| Stamen number: (i)Attention: We ask for the reproductive organs of the flower dispersing pollen. Count only fully fertile stamens, not staminodia (e.g. Parnassia). | 4 (i)Extremely rare, may be absent
example: Plantago inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: 4
7-9 (i)
example: Trientalis, Sedum inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: 7-9
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| Stamen fusion: (i)To which degree are the stamens fused? Attention: Whereas the pollen sacs itself are often free., their stalks (filaments) may be fused. Here, we count them as fused if they are together over at least one thirth of their length. | free (i)Stamens with separate bases
example: Malus inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: free
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| Pistil number: (i)Number of pistils (female floral organs: style, if developed; stigma and carpels/ovary together build the pistil). | 1 (i)One carpel, but clearly one stigma
example: Pyrola, Primula, Alyssum inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: 1
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| Style number: (i)Portion of the pistil connecting the stigma to the ovary. | 1 inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: 1
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| Stigma number per style: (i)Number of stigmas per style. | 1 (i)One stigma, sessile or with a developed style inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: 1
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| Ovary position: (i)For entirely or partly fused carpels, describe their position in relation to the insertion point of perianth leaves (best done by doing a longitudinal section of a flower). | superior (hypogynous) (i)Base of carpels attached above insertion point of perianth leaves, carpels free or fused
example: Delphinium, Anemone   inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: superior (hypogynous)
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| Sex: (i)Distribution of male and female organs among flowers, only most commonly cases. | unisexual (i)
example: Rhodiola inherited by genus Hippophae: unisexual
dioecious (i)Male and female flowers at different individuals
example: Antennaria inherited by genus Hippophae: dioecious
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| Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination. | |
| Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp). | Indehiscent fruits inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: Indehiscent fruits
Solitary fruits (i)    inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: Solitary fruits
drupe (stone fruit) (i)Fleshy, indehiscent fruit with a single, hard stone inside
example: Plum, cherry  inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: drupe (stone fruit)
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| Opening of fruit: (i)Mode of dehiscence at maturity to release seeds. | not opening / indehiscent (i)Fruits remain closed at maturity and disperse with seeds inside
example: Corylus (nut), Vaccinium (berry) inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: not opening / indehiscent
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| Size of fruit: (i)Size of the fruit including appendage. | from 5 mm to 10 mm (i)
example: Silene: small capsule opening with teeth inherited by genus Hippophae:
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| Seed number: (i)Estimate the number of seeds per fruit, if recognizable seeds are in the fruit (in rare cases a fruit may contain one seeded nuts: rose hip, carex). | 1 (i)A single seed (stone) or seed and fruit wall tightly connected
example: Prunus, Amygdalus: drupe inherited by family Elaeagnaceae: 1
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| Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves | |
| Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots. | allorhizous (i)Plant with a conspicuous tap root, one larger tap root with side roots
example: Dicotyledonae inherited by order Rosales: allorhizous
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| Runners: (i)Plant must be excavated; shoots, subterranean shoots connected by runners. | long root suckers or rhizomes (i)Plants grow new shoots from roots or subterranean shoots, called rhizomes, these spacing stems apart
example: Hippophae, Artemisia sericea inherited by genus Hippophae: long root suckers or rhizomes
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| Distribution (i)region where the plant is likely to be found | |
| Distribution (Veg. Zones): (i)acc. to Grubov 1952 | Khangai (i)In distribution data often named as '3' 
Mongol-Daurian (i)In distribution data often named as '4' 
Khobdo (i)In distribution data often named as '6' 
Mongolian Altai (i)In distribution data often named as '7' 
Depression of Great Lakes (i)In distribution data often named as '10' 
Valley of Lakes (i)In distribution data often named as '11' 
Gobi-Altai (i)In distribution data often named as '13' 
Dzungarian Gobi (i)In distribution data often named as '14' 
acc. to: Gubanov 1996 |
| Distribution Khangay: (i)acc. Flora Khangaya 1989 | I
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