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Class:angiosperms
Order:Caryophyllales
Family:Portulacaceae
Genus:Portulaca
Description:Leaves thick, fleshy, spatulate. Flowers small, sessile, 1-3 in leaf axis.
open map in a new windowtaxon distribution for Portulaca  acc. to Geobotanical Regions of Mongolia by Grubov (1955)
species: 1
Habit (i)general appearance of a plant
Growth form: (i)Herb, shrub, tree or climber.annual (i)Completing its life cycle within one year or one growing season; roots weak and thin
herb (i)Herbaceous, erect plant, up to 2m high, mostly with a leafy shoot; if perennial, shoots die to the ground each season, shoots are not woody
example: Artemisia pectinata
inherited by family Portulacaceae: herb
Size of plant: (i)Attention: use flowering or fruiting specimens to assess plant height (many biennial plants possess only a basal rosette in the first year). from 100 mm to 250 mm inherited by family Portulacaceae:
Parasite status: (i)Is the plant a half- or full parasite?no parasite/saprophyte (i)Plant fully autonomous, leaves with chlorophyll
example: Most plants, Ranunculus
inherited by family Portulacaceae: no parasite/saprophyte
Water or terrestrial plant: (i)Where do the plants grow?terrestrial (i)Plant grows on dry land
example: Orostachys spinosa
inherited by family Portulacaceae: terrestrial
Leaf (i)expanded, usually photosynthetic organ of a plant (including phylloclades)
Leaf development: (i)Structure and development of leaves.with green leaves (i)Plant with green leaves inherited by family Portulacaceae: with green leaves
fleshy leaf (i)Leaves more or less thick, juicy, terete or flat
example: Crassulaceae

Leaf arrangement: (i)Arrangement of leaves at the stem.opposite, opposite-decussate (i)Two leaves per node
example: Lamiaceae, e.g. Phlomis
inherited by family Portulacaceae: opposite, opposite-decussate
Simple or divided leaves: (i)Are the leaves simple or completely divided in several parts? Blade of the leaf entire or (more or less) deeply dissected. Attention: There are various appearances of the leaf margin (from entire to toothed and lobed). Here, we ignore this and ask only for dissections that separate the leaf for more than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. Sometimes, it is difficult to tell apart compound leaves from a shoot system with simple leaves: look for stipulae and/or axillary buds at the ground of the leaves: if only some possess these structures, the others are most likely leaflets of a compound leaf.simple (i)Non-divided leaf, but margin may be incised nearly to the ground inherited by family Portulacaceae: simple
Leaf margin: (i)Structure of leaf margin (or that of a leaflet in case of compound leaves). Attention: Here we ask for the leaf margin, defined as all those dissections that separate the leaf for less than one third of its length or width, whatever is smaller. To be worked out: how to handle margin of pinnate leaves?entire (i)Plain margin, not toothed
example: Iris
inherited by family Portulacaceae: entire
Leaf veination: (i)Arrangement of the main veins of a leaf.pinnate (i)One main vein, several side veins, sometimes inconspicuous
example: Cicerbita
inherited by family Portulacaceae: pinnate
Flower (i)reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
Flower appearance and pollination: (i)General appearance of the flower.not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants (i)Small, colourless or green flowers
example: Betula, grasslike plants: Carex, Setaria, Juncus
inherited by family Portulacaceae: not attractive, wind-pollinated or some water plants
Flower colour: (i)Attention: assess colour of the most colourful parts of the flower, but not of the stamens; be aware of single plants with a mutation (mostly white) on flower colour.yellow to orange (i)Pale to golden yellow
example: Ranunculus, Crepis

Perianth arrangement: (i)Attention: in some plants, flowers may be dimorphic in different ways (dioecious or gynodioecious). If flowers vary, record the characters of the most showy flowers.simple, similar (i)Only one type of perianth leaves (tepals)
example: Tulipa

Flower symmetry: (i)Symmetry of the perianth leaves. Attention: to assess this character, look on sepals, petals and stamens, but neglect carpels and ovary.radiary, regular (actinomorphic) (i)More than two axis of symmetry
example: Saxifraga: 5; Iris: 3
inherited by family Portulacaceae: radiary, regular (actinomorphic)
Sepal number: (i)Number of sepal leaves (outer perianth leaves, calyx leaves, mostly greenish). Attention, this character applies only for flowers separated in sepals and petals, thus excluding most monocots. Be aware of the bracts (involucral leaves) of Asteraceae flowerheads, do not qualify these as sepals! Be also aware in Rosaceae is often an epicalyx developed, in this case count all parts.2 (i)
example: Papaveraceae

Petal / Tepal number: (i)Number of petal leaves (inner perianth leaves, usually coloured).5 (i)
example: Potentilla

Petal / Tepal fusion: (i)To which degree are the petal leaves connected? Petals sympetalous.free (i)all petal leaves separate from each other
example: Anthriscus
inherited by family Portulacaceae: free
Spur: (i)A hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of the perianth leaves, storing nectar.no spur (i)Flower without appendage
example: Peganum
inherited by family Portulacaceae: no spur
Stamen number: (i)Attention: We ask for the reproductive organs of the flower dispersing pollen. Count only fully fertile stamens, not staminodia (e.g. Parnassia).7-9 (i)
example: Trientalis, Sedum

10 (i)
example: Silene

> 10 (i)
example: Nymphaea, Callianthemum, Rosa

Stamen fusion: (i)To which degree are the stamens fused? Attention: Whereas the pollen sacs itself are often free., their stalks (filaments) may be fused. Here, we count them as fused if they are together over at least one thirth of their length.free (i)Stamens with separate bases
example: Malus
inherited by family Portulacaceae: free
Style number: (i)Portion of the pistil connecting the stigma to the ovary.3 inherited by family Portulacaceae: 3
5 inherited by family Portulacaceae: 5
Ovary position: (i)For entirely or partly fused carpels, describe their position in relation to the insertion point of perianth leaves (best done by doing a longitudinal section of a flower).intermediate ovary (i)Ovary partly or fully underneath the perianth leaves, ovary not fused with axis but surrounded by a flower cup
example: Prunus, a lot of Rosaceae

inferior (i)Ovary below the point where perianth leaves are inserted, always fused to an ovary
example: Vaccinum

Fruit (i)the seed bearing organ, with or without adnate parts; a ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. Aggregate fruits are handled like simple fruits for determination.
Consistency: (i)Fleshy fruits or dry fruits, see dispersal adaptations for further classification.dry (i)With a dry outer shell, no fleshy parts, but seed (embryo) could be edible inherited by family Portulacaceae: dry
Type of fruit: (i)Common fruit types (including pseudocarp).Solitary fruits (i) inherited by family Portulacaceae: Solitary fruits
capsule (i)Dry dehiscent fruit, releasing seeds by slits or holes.
example: Poppy, most Caryophyllaceae, Cerastium, a lot of Scrophulariaceae, Iris (oppened capsule looks like Delphinium), Zygophyllum - it is a very common fruit type
inherited by family Portulacaceae: capsule
Dehiscent fruits (i)Fruits open along a longitudinale line (except silicula) inherited by family Portulacaceae: Dehiscent fruits
Opening of fruit: (i)Mode of dehiscence at maturity to release seeds.opening / dehiscent (i)Dry? Fruits opening with different types inherited by family Portulacaceae: opening / dehiscent
opening with lid (i)The seed capsule opens with a small cap or cover
example: Plantago, Hyoscyamus, Anagallis (but not in Mongolia)

Seed number: (i)Estimate the number of seeds per fruit, if recognizable seeds are in the fruit (in rare cases a fruit may contain one seeded nuts: rose hip, carex).7-50 (i)Numerable, but may be counted
example: Vaccinum: multi-seeded berry, Ptilotrichum: few-seeded siliqua

Shoot/Stem (i)a young stem or branch
Spines, thorns or prickles: (i)Shoot with conspicuous spines, thorns or prickles.spines or thornes (i)Sharp pointed woody structure originating from the plant (thornes derived from a reduced branch, spines from leaves)
example: Prunus spinosa no in Mongolia
inherited by family Portulacaceae: spines or thornes
Root / shoot below ground (i)plant part below ground (in most cases), including below ground shoots, without leaves
Root type: (i)Organisation of the roots.allorhizous (i)Plant with a conspicuous tap root, one larger tap root with side roots
example: Dicotyledonae
inherited by order Caryophyllales: allorhizous